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Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). CEE 320 Anne Goodchild. Obama Opposed gas tax holiday Invest in developing alternative energy rather than drilling offshore Federal government should take lead on national infrastructure development Invest in “smart growth”
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Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) CEE 320Anne Goodchild
Obama Opposed gas tax holiday Invest in developing alternative energy rather than drilling offshore Federal government should take lead on national infrastructure development Invest in “smart growth” Infrastructure reinvestment bank $150 billion for clean energy over 10 years Modernize infrastructure – ASCE D rating, 3 trillion unmet needs McCain Supported gas tax holiday Exploit remaining US oil deposits Small federal role in transportation, strong input from state and local governments State’s should get back their investment in the highway trust fund $.3 billion for battery technology Modernize infrastructure Both oppose increasing the gas tax
Outline • Need for traffic solutions • Improving technology • Improved wireless networks • Low energy requirements • Improved management systems • Increased appetite for technology
Road Use Growth From the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 2003
Problems Caused by Congestion • Increased… • Travel time • Travel cost • Air pollution • Accident risk • …..
How Much Capacity Is There? Full Capacity Highway Capacity
How Much Capacity Is There? Remaining Effective Capacity Incidents can comprise 50% of peak period congestion. 1 min delay in clearance = 4 to 5 min of traffic backup. Highway Capacity Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion.
How Much Capacity Is There? Remaining Effective Capacity Caltrans reports 20% of freeway centerline miles are under construction. Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler Highway Capacity Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion.
How Much Capacity Is There? Remaining Effective Capacity 75% of NHS is subject to snow & 100% is subject to rain. Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler Highway Capacity Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion.
How Much Capacity Is There? Remaining Effective Capacity Periodic events can cause further restrict capacity. Special events and disasters further restrict capacity Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler Highway Capacity Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion.
How Much Capacity Is There? Remaining Effective Capacity Special events and disasters further restrict capacity Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler Highway Capacity Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion.
Options • Construct new roads • Covered in geometric design • Not likely to happen on a large scale • Reduce Traffic • Travel demand management • Alternative transportation • Increase existing infrastructure capacity • Often exploits the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) All of these are required, and there will (probably) still be congestion
Option 1: Construction Highway Construction Cost Sampling General ConclusionHighways cost $1 to $10 million per lane-mile to build
Option 2: Reduce Traffic or Spread Demand • Make the trip using another mode • Extra capacity • Don’t make the trip • Pricing • Controls • Make the trip at adifferent time • Pricing • Controls
New Slide Tacoma-Seattle Began 2000 4 trips each way daily Everett-Seattle Began 2003 2 trips each way daily Sounder Commuter Rail
New Slide Seattle-Everett Interurban Railway Co. (1907) Asahel Curtis Photo Company Collection, University of Washington Digital Collection
New Slide Sounder vs. Interurban
Option 2: Alternative Transport SkyTran: Personal MagLev Transporter
Option 3: Increase Existing Infrastructure Capacity • An alternative to expensive new highway construction is the implementation of strategies that promote more efficient utilization of transportation infrastructures. • Simple: • More people per vehicle (carpool, bus) • Smaller vehicles (motorcycles) • Narrow lanes
Option 3: Increase Existing Infrastructure Capacity • More complex: • Vehicle automation • Variable speed limits • Variable use facilities • Traffic monitoring • Ramp meters • Many rely on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which aims to reduce travel time, ease delay and congestion, improve safety, and reduce pollutant emissions
Five Primary Functional Areas of ITS • Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) • Managing incidents • Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) • Giving users information about the system • Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) • Simplifies regulations (with benefits) • Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) • Reduce obstacles to use, give priority to vehicles • Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS) • Safer, more efficient driving
Advanced Traffic Management Systems Photo from the Human-Computer Interaction Lab: University of Maryland
WAP Traffic www.wiresoft.net/traffic/seattle
Commercial Vehicle Operations • Apply, pay for and receive permits, registrations, and licenses electronically • Share of common trucking data across agencies • Exchange information electronically with roadside enforcement personnel • Electronic “screening” of trucks for safety or other regulatory violations • Share information across state lines and with Federal information systems
An Example of APTS http://busview.its.washington.edu/busview_launch.jsp?maps=gif
No need for change Interoperable with other transit agencies Transit agency can track passengers for better system design and cost control APTS: Smart Cards
New Slide Advanced Vehicle Control Systems Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC) System Lexus LS430/460, ES-350 Benz S-Class, E55, AMG, CLS, SL, CL Acura RL Audi A6, A8, Q7 Cadillac DTS, STS, XLR Honda Legend Infinity M, Q45 Jaguar XK-R BMW 3, 5, 7 Series Nisan Primera Range Rover Sport Toyota Sienna XLE, Avalon Volkswagon Phaeton, Passat Renault Vel Satis Volvo S80