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Endocrine System Overview

target cell. hormone. bloodstream. not a target cell. receptor. Endocrine System Overview. Glands: Major organs of the endocrine system Glands make hormones Hormones: chemical signals Hormones move through bloodstream Hormone binds to cell receptor Target cells produce proteins.

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Endocrine System Overview

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  1. target cell hormone bloodstream not a target cell receptor Endocrine System Overview • Glands: Major organs of the endocrine system • Glands make hormones • Hormones: chemical signals • Hormones move through bloodstream • Hormone binds to cell receptor • Target cells produce proteins

  2. Steroid hormone Non-steroid hormone Steroid hormone diffuses through the cell membrane Nonsteroid hormone binds to receptor on the cell membrane. receptor Steroid hormone binds to a receptor within the cell. Receptor stimulates a second messenger with in the cell. receptor second messenger Second messenger starts a series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm. The hormone and receptor enter the nucleus and bind to DNA DNA Steroid hormone causes DNA to make proteins. Second messenger reactions activate enzymes. activated enzymes proteins • Steroid hormones enter the cell and bind within. • Nonsteroid hormones do not enter the cell, they bind in the membrane. • Steroid hormones vs. Nonsteroid hormones. nucleus Chemical reactions

  3. HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY THYROID THYMUS ADRENAL GLANDS PANCREAS FEMALE GONADS :OVARIES MALE GONADS : TESTES Major Glands All the below create hormones • Hypothalamus • Stimulates the pituitary gland to release hormones • Controls growth, reproduction, body temp • Pituitary gland • Controls cell growth and [H2O] in blood • Stimulates other glands • Thyroid gland • Regulates metabolism, growth, development • Thymus • Allows WBCs to mature to fight infection • Adrenal Glands • Controls “fight or flight” response • Increases breathing, alertness, blood pressure • Epinephrine • Pancreas • Controls glucose level in blood • Insulin, glucagon • Gonads: influence sexual development • Testes (males): testosterone • Ovaries: Estrogen, progesterone

  4. allow glands to communicate with one another • are used in temperature regulation • Releasing hormones stimulate other glands to produce hormones. cold hormone A (TRH) hormone B (TSH) hormone C (Thyroxine)

  5. Hormonal imbalances can cause severe illness. • Abnormal hormone levels affect homeostasis. • Hormonal imbalances might be treated with surgery or medicine. • Steroids, a pituitary tumor, or some prescription drugs can make the pituitary overactive and indirectly cause problems.

  6. hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid thymus Adrenal glands pancreas ovaries testes

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