Dr Nirmala Devi Arunasalam 1 May 2014

1. Impact of Technology Enhanced Learning In Transnational Higher Education (TNHE) Dr Nirmala Devi Arunasalam 1 May 2014

2. AIM • Malaysian nurses views on • Technology Enhanced Learning • in TNHE post-registration nursing • degree programmes

3. TNHE POST-REGISTRATION NURSING PROGRAMMES Upgrade diploma qualifications (240 credits) to a degree level (360 credits). Teaching on the programme is delivered over one week for a 15 credit module and two weeks for a 30 credit module content is 100% theory lacks a practice component does not require clinical assessment No automatic right of registration to practice. ● ● ● ●

4. Clinical Practice Key to Nurse Education Theoretical knowledge Evidence Based Practice used in Patient Care

5. Summary of Literature Review Limited use of online Libraries and online resources remained unnoticed or are seriously underutilised. The impact of IT on the user's job satisfaction and quality of working life show many contradictory and inconclusive reports. Acceptance of using Information Technology has an effect on an individual's use and performance. ● ● ●

6. Research Design Hermeneutic Phenomenology & Ethnographic principle of cultural interpretation Methodology Qualitative Method In-depth Semi-structured Interviews undertaken in Bahasa Malaysia & English

7. Sample ● Nurses who had completed the post- registration nursing degree programmes and volunteered to be interviewed Convenience sample of 6 recruited from UK followed by snowball sampling of 12 in Malaysia ●

8. Limitations • Time • Relationship of researcher tonurses • Memory ● ● ●

9. Data Analysis Benner’s (1994) hermeneutic analysis Focus on capturing the descriptions and meanings of the Malaysian nurses’ experiences.

10. On-line Teaching “Their perception is, it is distance learning so we have to take all the effort and do. I can’t be asking another third party to come and teach me, because I am doing it with you and I am paying you so it is your responsibility” (Int: 017).

11. On-line Teaching/Learning “Long distance learning, very tough lah … The media used is computer, we Asian we don’t use computer that much. We only open when we need otherwise we don’t even open” (Int: 007).

12. On-line Teaching/ Learning “Distance learning difficult especially if one is not IT savvy or have facility” (Int: 003).

13. Access to Internet “We difficult get internet university … sometimes I try, try, try, 30, 40, 50 minutes, nothing … I fed up and close” (Int: 011). Aaargh!

14. Language “At Malaysia we not speaking English, Malaysian English, we mix everything, all mixed English Language ...” (Int: 009).

15. Face-to-face teaching “I found it difficult to the language, I trying to figure one word, she has finished sentence. She said one die [accent], I thought Oh dear! Who has died? Then I realise she actually meant one day!” (Int: 016).

16. TNHE Academics Knowledge The majority of TNHE academics had limited insight and nurses assumed their knowledge was based on “internet info, isn’t it” (Int:014) and “she Google lah” (Int: 013).

17. “Tough! In UK they learn for a long period, three four months, but here in Malaysia it is for only two weeks, everything has to enter immediately. We are like blank, blank! Not enough [time to gain understanding of knowledge or discussion], difficult to cope, teach, teach, we want to ask questions no time” (Int: 014). Short Time-frame

18. On-line Information “Guidelines given on database, but not useful. No, it is a struggle. I put in A‑Z whatever I know or feel I want, just pour it in my paper, I have to open book, see what is in their content and then I copy in to my content” (Int: 003).

19. Assessment Support “Through email we can ask but how much can we ask, right. Even when we ask you see there is another cultural and language barrier. The way we ask they don’t understand what exactly we want and they will be understanding different thing and they will be replying different thing” (Int: 017).

20. Assessment Support “… they say email. What we don’t understand, when we email often, they don’t like it, … we become a nuisance. They tell us to wait for response, then email, but sometimes no response for weeks! We felt abandoned”(Int: 002).

21. On-line Feedback “Till now I don’t understand, we followed Harvard referencing. When the result came, comment was the reference was not appropriate. When we ask them they say ‘please refer to handbook’ but I follow handbook!” (Int: 002).

22. POSITIVE OUTCOMES “Interest to find out, certain terms I don’t understand, I will go and search in the internet. Before, I just ignore or not my job or ok if I don’t know that, as long as I can understand what I need to understand” (Int: 011)

23. Learning to use technology, a key skill that most had to learn for the first time, raises the question as to whether it must be a required criteria for being accepted onto the programme.

24. The nurses previous routine ways and practices had helped them to maintain a sense of personal comfort and security. This was challenged by technology enhanced learning . For some it led to frustration whilst for others it led to personal growth.

25. References Hong, W., Thong, J.Y., Wong, W.M. & Tam, K.Y., (2002) Determinants of user acceptance of digital libraries: an empirical examination of individual differences and system characteristics. Journal of Management Information Systems. 18 (97-124). Koohang, A., & Durante, A., (2003). Learners’ perceptions toward the web-based distance learning activities/assignments portion of an undergraduate hybrid instructional model. Journal of Informational Technology Education,. 2(105-113). Lee, M.K.O., Cheung, C.M.K. & Chen, Z., (2005). Acceptance of Internet-based learning medium: The role of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Information & Management. 42(1095-1104). Ramayah, T., Jantan, M & Bushra, A., (2003). Internet usage among students of institutions of higher learning: The role of motivational variables. The Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Asian Academy of Applied Business Conference, Sabah, Malaysia, 10-12 July.

26. Any Questions Email: n.d.arunasalam@herts.ac.uk