1 / 41

World War II in Europe

World War II in Europe. Europe in 1942. I. Turning Back the German Army. A. Allies agree to beat Hitler, then go after Japan B. Start in North Africa (Nov. ‘42): Why? 1. Get experience, use few troops 2. help British in Egypt

brian
Download Presentation

World War II in Europe

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. World War II in Europe

  2. Europe in 1942

  3. I. Turning Back the German Army • A. Allies agree to beat Hitler, then go after Japan • B. Start in North Africa (Nov. ‘42): Why? • 1. Get experience, use few troops • 2. help British in Egypt • a. Suez Canal  Med Sea to Indian Ocean • 3. Rommel (Germ) vs. Patton/Montgomery • (Allies.)

  4. C. Battle of the Atlantic • 1. German submarines sinking US ships • 2. Convoy system to protect • 3. New techs to locate/sink U-boats • a. radar, sonar, depth charges, Enigma

  5. D. Battle of Stalingrad (Russia): Turning Point • 1. Hitler’s strategy: destroy USSR economy • 2. City was key to cutting off resources • 3. Soviets: retreat banned (shot if tried) • 4. Germans fight house to house • a. Mass casualties • b. Soviets hold city • 5. Germans play defense from then on

  6. Penetrating Fortress Europe

  7. I. Road Map to Berlin • A. Casablanca Conference • 1. FDR & Churchill (Jan. 43) • 2. Next step: Get into Europe thru Italy

  8. 1. Start in Sicily • 2. Mussolini arrested • 3. September 1943, • Italy surrenders • 4. Germany invades, • Mussolini in charge • 5. May ’44, Allies • finally take Rome • B. Striking at “soft underbelly” (Italy, June ‘43)

  9. C. Tehran Conference (Nov. ‘43): Plan the Push • 1. Squeeze Germany from 3 sides • a. US/GB in Italy (South) • b. USSR full scale attack Eastern front • c. US/GB in France (Western Front)?

  10. C. Tehran Conference (Nov. ‘43): Plan the Push 2. Break-up Germany so never threat again • 3. USSR help US beat Japan

  11. D-DAY INVASION: OPERATION OVERLORD

  12. II. Operation Overlord • A. Considerations when Planning Overlord • 1. Germans knew it was coming • 2. Calais decoy? • 3. Weather Conditions • a. Low tide at dawn, good weather • moonlit night

  13. Operation Fortitude (decoy)

  14. III. D-Day JUNE 6, 1944 A. 4,000 Allied ships carried the invasion force of 156,000 1) landed on beaches in the Normandy region 2) The 5 beaches that were landing zones were codenamed Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sword. 3) Over 2,500 Allied troops died on D-Day and another 7,500 were wounded. B. Paris was freed on August 25, 1944 and all of France within a month. C. Opened up western front, took pressure off USSR

  15. D-DAY

  16. Victory in Europe

  17. I. Third Reich Collapses • A. The Battle of the Bulge (Dec. 44 – Jan. 45) • 1. Last German offensive a. Try to cut off Allied supplies from Belgium b. Blitkrieg bulged front 50 miles deep/80 long

  18. 2. Bastogne: pivotal city • a. US stronghold. Surrounded • b. Patton breaks through • 3. Germany 120k dead/Allies 80k • 4. 600 German tanks/1,600 planes destroyed • 5. Road to Berlin open

  19. II. V-E Day: The War ends in Europe • 1 . April 25, 1945: US & Russian troops • met 60 miles south of Berlin • 2. Russia gets the honor • 3. April 30: Hitler suicide • 4. May 7: Germany surrendered

  20. Fighting in the Pacific

  21. Pearl Harbor Recap • 21 of 96 ships were sunk. Most others were damaged. Eight battleships sunk or out of commission. • 347 of 394 planes destroyed or damaged • 2,403 dead; 1,178 wounded BUT • Carriers were out to sea (Lex, Enterp, Sarat) • Sub pens untouched • Fuel oil depots unharmed • Signals intelligence unharmed

  22. I. Holding the Line Against Japan (1941-42) • A. The Doolittle Raid (4/18/42) • 1. 16 Long range B-25’s off carriers • 2. Bomb Tokyo & boost American morale James Doolittle

  23. I. Holding the Line Against Japan (1941-42) • A. Adm. Chester Nimitz to use aircraft carriers • B. Fall of the Philippines (Jap win) • 1. US airbases • 2. badly outnumbered • 3. Bataan Death March • a. 78k POW • b. 65 miles • c. 18k-20k died Gen. Douglas MacArthur

  24. Japanese Strategy in Pacific

  25. D. A Change in Japanese strategy • 1. Doolittle shocked them • 2. Initial plan: cut off Australia • 3. Now, Midway Island & destroy • U.S. Naval Fleet • E. Battle of the Coral Sea (May ‘42) • 1. Japanese code broken • 2. 1st US win in Pacific James Doolittle

  26. F. The Battle of Midway (6/4/1942) • 1. U.S. Defense ready • 2. Japanese lost 4 largest carriers • a. Heart of their fleet • 3. Japanese advance stopped • 4. Turning pt  Jap play defense for • next 3 years

  27. Japanese Strategy in Pacific MIDWAY ISLAND

  28. Chapter 27, Section 5

  29. I. Driving the Japanese Back (’44) • A. Island hopping in Pacific • 1. Strategic islands, not all islands • 2. Home-base for B-29 Superfortress

  30. B. MacArthur returns to Philippines • 1. Take Guadalcanal (’42) • 2. Hopped to Hollandia (’44) • 3. Phillippines in March ’45

  31. Island Hopping in the Pacific Chapter 27, Section 5

  32. II. Japan is Defeated • A. Battle for Iwo Jima (Feb. ’45) • 1. close to Japan for bombers • 2. 6,800 Marines died in victory • B. April 12, ’45: FDR dies of stroke • 1. VP Harry S. Truman takes over

  33. C. Invasion of Okinawa • 1. Base for invasion • D. Terms for Surrender • 1. Unconditional • E. Manhattan Project • 1. Germans split atom • 2. Einstein, Oppenheimer • 3. Oak Ridge, Tn • Los Alamos, NM Okinawa

  34. F. How to defeat Japan • 1. Invasion will = massive casualties • 2. March ’45: Napalm Tokyo • 3. Potsdam Declaration (7/26/45): • a. “prompt and utter destruction” • 4. Aug. 6, 1945: Enola Gay drops bomb • a. Hiroshima (Little Boy) • b. 80k killed, many more die later • 5. Aug. 9: Bombing of Nagasaki (Fat Man) • a. 40k killed • 6. Aug. 14: V-J Day

  35. Japan Surrenders

More Related