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Chapter 23

Chapter 23. Ideologies and Upheavals, 1815–1850. Peoples of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1815. The old dynastic state was a patchwork of nationalities. Note the widely scattered pockets of Germans and Hungarians. Building German Nationalism.

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Chapter 23

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  1. Chapter 23 Ideologies and Upheavals, 1815–1850

  2. Peoples of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1815 • The old dynastic state was a patchwork of nationalities. Note the widely scattered pockets of Germans and Hungarians.

  3. Building German Nationalism • As popular upheaval in France spread to central Europe in March 1848, Germans from the solid middle classes came together in Frankfurt to draft a constitution for a new united Germany. This woodcut commemorates the solemn procession of delegates entering Saint Paul’s Cathedral in Frankfurt, where the delegates would have their deliberations. Festivals, celebrations, and parades helped create a feeling of belonging to a large unseen community, a nation binding millions of strangers together. akg-images

  4. Hayter: The House of Commons, 1833 • This collective portrait of the first parliament elected after the Reform Bill of 1832 was painted over several years. The arrangement of the members reflects Britain’s historic two-party system, with the majority on one side and the “loyal opposition” on the other. Most European countries developed multiparty systems and coalition politics, with competing groups seated in a large half circle. Trustees of the National Portrait Gallery, London

  5. The Fall of Algiers, July 1830 • France assembled more than six hundred ships for its attack on the Ottoman dependency of Algeria, and this contemporary engraving depicts the ferocious naval bombardment that destroyed the capital’s last remaining fortifications. However, after the surrender French soldiers rampaged through the city, and news of this brutal behavior encouraged Muslims in the interior to revolt and fight on until 1847. Musée de la Ville de Paris, Musée Carnavalet, Paris, France/Lauros/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library

  6. Jules Michelet, • Jules Michelet, in a portrait by Joseph Court. Photo12.com

  7. Street Fighting in Frankfurt, 1848 • Workers and students could tear up the cobblestones, barricade a street, and make it into a fortress. But urban revolutionaries were untrained and poorly armed. They were no match for professional soldiers led by tough officers who were sent against them after frightened rulers had recovered their nerve. The Granger Collection, New York

  8. Frantisek Palacky, • Frantisek Palacky, in a frontispiece portrait accompanying his most important work on Czech history. Visual Connection Archive

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