US History EOCT Review and Key Concepts

Essential Question: • What were the key concepts that will be tested on the US History EOCT? • CPUSH Agenda for EOCT Review : • EOCT Review: Practice Test • Today’s HW: Study Units 1-2 • End of Course Test: May 18 and 19 • Unit 15 Test: Wed, May 25 (2nd pd) Thurs, May 26 (3rd pd)

Essential Question: • What were the key concepts that will be tested on the US History EOCT? • CPUSH Agenda for EOCT Review: • EOCT Review: Review Units 1-4 • Today’s HW: Study Units 3-4 • End of Course Test: May 18 and 19 • Unit 15 Test: Wed, May 25 (2nd pd) Thurs, May 26 (3rd pd)

EOCT Review Game Rules Groups compete against each other: Teams will be presented a prompt & asked to provide as many correct answers as possible within 1 minute Groups earn 1 point per correct answer If any part of the response is incorrect, teams receive no points for that round

Name 1 similarity between the colonies of Spain & France in (a) government and (b) religion • Define: Britain did not strictly control the North American colonies and allowed them to create their own colonial assemblies. Salutary neglect was the norm BEFORE the French & Indian War; • Define: The colonies should benefit the mother country; Strong nations have favorable balances of trade (more exports than imports); Colonial trade is regulated by Britain. This was the norm before and after the French and Indian War • Define: Parliament has absolute authority over the colonies and will strictly control laws and taxes; This was AFTER the French & Indian War

(a) Government—both were strictly controlled by the king, ruled by royal governors, they were not allowed to create their own self-gov’t. (b) Religion—both were Catholic and tried to convert Indians • Salutary neglect • Mercantilism • Parliamentary sovereignty

What “saved” Jamestown by allowing the colonists to make huge sums of money? • What was the name of the first colonial assembly in American history (in Virginia)? • What was the name of the poor farmer who led a rebellion against the Virginia gov’t? • Why was Massachusetts founded? • What type of governments existed in New England?

Tobacco • The House of Burgesses • Bacon • Massachusetts was founded as a religious colony by Puritans (“city on a hill” • Town hall meetings led by religious leaders of the colony

Name 2 differences between the Massachusetts and Virginia colonies. • Which European nation controlled “New York” before it was taken by the British? • Which British colony was known for the “holy experiment” for Quakers? • Why was the Georgia colony founded? • What was Great Awakening?

MA was religious Puritans with their families; VA was by young, single men looking to make money; MA people worked together, created churches, schools, town meetings, and towns, but in VA, people did not work together, plantations were used, the rich took advantage of the poor; MA slavery and indentured servants were used, but not nearly as much as in VA. • the Netherlands (also known as the Dutch) • Pennsylvania • As a buffer colony between Spanish Florida • Religious revivalism in the 1730s that challenged people to re-examine their eternal destiny?

How was the end of the French & Indian War in 1763 the beginning of the American Revolution in 1776? • Put these 3 events in chronological order: (a) Lexington & Concord, (b) Intolerable Acts, (c) Stamp Act • Put these 3 events in chronological order: (a) Sons of Liberty lead a boycott against the Townshend Acts, (b) publication of CommonSense, (c) meeting of the First Continental Congress to protest the Intolerable Acts • What was the most effective way the American colonists responded to British taxes, such as the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts?

When the French & Indian War ended in 1763, salutary neglect ended and parliamentary sovereignty began. This was the beginning of British taxes and laws make by Parliament and not by colonial assemblies. • This is the order: Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, Lexington/Concord • This is the order: Townshend Acts, First Continental Congress, Common Sense • Boycotting

Who wrote Common Sense? • Who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence? • The Declaration of Independence is based upon the ideas of which European Enlightenment thinker? • Who was the American in charge of the Continental Army? • Why was Saratoga the “turning point” battle of the Revolutionary War? • Name two parts of the Treaty of Paris, 1783 that ended the American Revolution

Thomas Paine • Thomas Jefferson • John Locke • George Washington • Because this American victory allowed France to commit to an alliance with America. • Any two will do: America gained independence, America gained all lands east of the Mississippi (everything from the colonies to the Mississippi River became the USA); Spain got Florida; Britain kept Canada; France got nothing (even though they helped America).

Name 1 reason the national government under the Articles of Confederation could be considered a “success” • Name 2 reasons it could be considered a “failure” • How did Shays’ Rebellion lead to the formation of the Constitution? • Name 2 ways the national government under the Constitution was stronger than the national government under the Articles of Confederation.

The national gov’t did not overtax the states and did not tax away citizens liberties; The national gov’t dealt with western lands well with the Land Ordinance of 1785, Northwest Ordinance of 1787. • The national government was too weak; it did not have the power to tax, had no president or courts • This rebellion proved that the Articles of Confederation were too weak. When the national government could not collect taxes to raise an army to stop the rebellion, • Under the Constitution, the gov’t had the power to tax, a president, a court system, a national currency, a national bank, supremacy over states

During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, how did the “Great Compromise” settle the issue between the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan? • The Constitution is based on 5 major principles: popular sovereignty, limited government, federalism, separation of powers, and checks and balances. What are (a) separation of powers, and (b) federalism? • What two groups played key roles in the debate over the ratification of the Constitution? One favored the strong powers given to the national government and wanted this Constitution to be ratified. The other feared these new powers and thought that the Constitution shouldn’t be ratified

Bi-cameral Congress with a House of Representatives and a Senate. The Senate has two representatives, regardless of its population size. House based on state population size. • (a) Power of the national gov’t is divided among 3 branches: legislative, executive, judicial branches. Each has their own powers and responsibilities; (b) The idea that power is divided between the national government and state governments. The national gov’t has powers to declare war, coin money, make laws, taxes, but states have powers to create school, roads, make laws and taxes. • The Federalists and Anti-Federalists

Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were important members of Washington’s first cabinet, but they disagreed on a lot of issues. Name 2 differences between Hamilton and Jefferson. • What two pieces of advice did Washington give Americans in his Farewell Address in 1796? • What legal precedent was established by the Marbury v. Madison (1803) case? • Which U.S. president purchased Louisiana from France?

Any three will do: Hamilton was Sec of Treasury/ Jefferson was Sec of State; Hamilton believed in a strong national government/Jefferson believed in more power to states; Hamilton believed that the Constitution could be “loosely” interpreted/ Jefferson said it had to be “strictly” interpreted; Hamilton wanted a national bank & “assumption” of state debts/Jefferson did not; Hamilton supported Britain/ Jefferson supported France. • Watch out for political parties; Avoid “entangling alliances” with foreign nations, especially Europe. • Judicial Review—Supreme Court has the right to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional • Jefferson

What caused the War of 1812? • What was the treaty that ended the war? • Name 2 things that Henry Clay’s “American System” created for the United States • What was the name of the declaration that proclaimed that the United States would protect the Western Hemisphere from European influence?

British impressment of American sailors OR violations of American free trade • Treaty of Ghent • Creation of the 2nd Bank of the US; protective tariff to promote industry (Tariff of 1816); building of roads/turnpikes (like the National Road); building of canals (like the Erie Canal); increased commerce among North, South, West; led to railroad construction in 1830s • Monroe Doctrine

Why were “common white men” able to vote by the 1830s? • Why was Andrew Jackson called the “common man” president? • What political party did Andrew Jackson create? • Name 2 key events of the Andrew Jackson presidency • What is temperance? • What is abolitionism?

The property qualifications that were required for men to vote were reduced or eliminated which allowed “common” (poor) white men to vote • Andrew Jackson was uneducated, born in a log cabin, was a military general, favored states rights • Democrats • Indian Removal of the Cherokee (Trail of Tears); Nullification Crisis when South Carolina refused to pay the tariff (tax); Jackson killed the Second Bank of the US; Spoils System • A social reform that tried to end alcohol abuse • The desire to end slavery

Essential Question: • What were the key concepts that will be tested on the US History EOCT? • CPUSH Agenda for EOCT Review: • EOCT Review: Review Units 5-8 • Today’s HW: Study Units 5-8 • End of Course Test: May 18 and 19 • Unit 15 Test: Wed, May 25 (2nd pd) Thurs, May 26 (3rd pd)

EOCT Review Game Rules Groups compete against each other: Teams will be presented a prompt& asked to provide as many correct answers as possible within 1 minute Groups earn 1 point per correct answer If any part of the response is incorrect, teams receive no points for that round

What does “manifest destiny” mean? • What caused the Mexican-American War? • The new territory gained from Mexico after the Mexican-American War that included New Mexico, California, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming was known as the: • What led to the massive population growth of California in 1849 and 1850? • How did the majority of western travelers travel to the fertile farmlands of the west coast

Western expansion; annexation of newly-settled lands; God wants the US to become stronger • Disagreement over the southern border of Texas; • The Mexican Cession • California Gold Rush in 1849 (49ers) • Across the Oregon Trail

Which sectional compromise created the 36°30’ line that outlawed slavery in northern territories? • Which compromise created a Fugitive Slave Law? • The Kansas-Nebraska Act created popular sovereignty which enraged northern abolitionists. What is popular sovereignty? • Why did many Republicans (like Abraham Lincoln) refer to themselves as “free-soilers” rather than “abolitionists”?

Missouri Compromise/Compromise of 1820 • Compromise of 1850 • the idea that the residents of western territories have the right to decide if slavery will be allowed in their territory • The wanted to stop the expansion of slavery into the west but they did not intend to force the South to end its slave system because it was protected by their state constitutions

In Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857), the Supreme Court ruled this act unconstitutional: • Who was the leader of the Harper’s Ferry, Virginia raid who hoped to use the attack to end all slavery in the South? • What was Lincoln’s war goal when the Civil War began? • What was Lincoln’s new war goal after the Battle of Antietam? • Put the Civil War events in the correct order: (a) Fort Sumter, (b) Lincoln’s election as president in 1860, (c) secession of South Carolina, and (d) the Civil War begins

The 36°30’ line created as part of the Missouri Compromise of 1820—Congress has no authority to prohibit slavery in the territories • John Brown • Correct order: (b) Lincoln’s election, (c) South Carolina secession, (a) Fort Sumter, (d) the Civil War begins • Lincoln’s initial goal was to “preserve the Union” and bring the South back into the USA • After Antietam, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation and made the Civil War about ending slavery

Name two advantages of the Union at the outbreak of the Civil War • Which Civil War document said: “…all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free”? • What battle (in Pennsylvania) was considered the “turning point” of the Civil War because the Confederate army never attacked in Northern soil and began to lose the war

Any two will do: Larger population for troops, more factories, more railroad lines, an advanced navy, more available farmland for food • The Emancipation Proclamation • Gettysburg

What is “Reconstruction”? • Name two goals of the Union during Reconstruction • What did the 13th Amendment do? • What did the 15th Amendment do? • What happened to President Andrew Johnson when he vetoed the Freedman’s Bureau law, argued against the 14th Amendment, and violated the Tenure of Office Act in 1868? • How did the Compromise of 1877 bring an end to Reconstruction?

The era after the Civil War from 1865 to 1877 • Goals include: Bring South back into the Union; End slavery; Protect African-Americans; Deciding how or if to punish Confederates for their role in the Civil War; Rebuilding the nation • Ended slavery • Guaranteed black men the right to vote • He was impeached by the House (but not removed from office by the Senate) • The deal that was made between Democrats and Republicans as a result of the election of 1876. When the election results came back tied, Democrats agreed to support the Republican candidate Rutherford B Hayes as president if Hayes would end military districting in the South

After the Civil War, three groups of Americans settled in the West (between the Mississippi River & Pacific coast). Name two of these three groups • What was the Homestead Act of 1862? • The expansion of railroads after the Civil War was helped by two groups: the national government and immigrants. Explain how both groups helped expand railroads • What was the last Indian battle in US History? • Who was William Jennings Bryan? • Name 2 things the Populists demanded during the Gilded Age

Miners, ranchers, farmers (homesteaders) • This law gave 160 acres of western land to farmers who promised to live on the land for at least 5 yrs • The national gov’t gave millions of acres of land grants to complete the transcontinental railroad; Chinese and Irish immigrants built the western and eastern legs of the transcontinental railroad • Wounded Knee • Bryan was a presidential candidate in the 1896 election. He represented the Populist Party. His “Cross of Gold” speech made him a national figure in the argument for a bi-metalism (gold and silver) • Populists demands included: gov’t regulation of railroads and banks, a national income tax, direct-election of U.S. Senators, bi-metalism

Four major industries helped push the USA into an Industrial Revolution during the Gilded Age. What were these four R.O.S.E. industries? • Monopolies began during the Gilded Age. What is a monopoly? • What industry did Carnegie monopolize? • What industry did Rockefeller monopolize? • During the Gilded Age, 23 million “new Immigrants” came to America. What is a “new” immigrant?

Railroads, oil, steel, electricity • A company that controls all or most of an industry • Carnegie = Steel • Rockefeller = Oil • Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe (specifically Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Poland) rather than Northern Europe (England, Ireland, and Germany…which were always the dominant immigrant groups from the colonial era to the Civil War).

Name 3 ways cities changed during the Gilded Age • How were the Knights of Labor different from the American Federation of Labor? • Who was the most famous “boss” of a political machine? • What do Crédit Mobilier and the Whiskey Ring have in common? • How did the Pendleton Act of 1883 try to end patronage?

Skyscrapers, urbanization, new immigrants, mass transit, ethnic neighborhoods (enclaves), slums, tenement apartments, crime increased • Both were unions, but the Knights allowed any type of worker (regardless of race, sex, skill level); The AFL was a union that only allowed white, skilled workers to join. AFL was more successful • Boss Tweed of New York’s Tammany Hall machine • These were political scandals during President Grant’s administration. • Pendleton Act created an exam that civil service employees had to pass before they could get their jobs. This created a merit-based system.

What were laws called that segregated blacks and whites in the South from 1877 to 1954? • What is a poll tax? • What is a literacy test? • What is a grandfather clause? • Which Supreme Court case said that segregation was legal as long as the options for blacks were equal (“separate but equal” doctrine)?

Jim Crow laws • Yearly taxes that must be paid in order to vote; These were high fees that kept most poor black sharecroppers from voting • Voters must pass a reading test to be able to vote; This kept most African-Americans from qualifying to vote • Laws that allowed poor whites from not having to pay a poll tax or pass a literacy test if their father or grandfather could vote prior to 1867. • Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

What is a muckraker? • Who wrote The Jungle? • Who created the first settlement houses? • Which U.S. presidents became the first “trustbuster”? • What law was used to break up monopolies? • Name 2 ways America became more “democratic” in the Progressive Era?

A journalist who exposed the negative parts of American society during the Gilded Age • Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle • Jane Addams • Theodore Roosevelt • Sherman Anti-Trust Act • In the West, state government allowed citizens to create initiatives, vote in referendums, and vote for recalls; Women gained the right to vote (19th amendment); Americans were able to vote for their Senators (17th amendment)

Essential Question: • What were the key concepts that will • be tested on the US History EOCT? • CPUSH Agenda for EOCT Review: • EOCT Review: Review Units 9-12 • Today’s HW: Study Units 9-12 • End of Course Test: May 18 and 19 • Meet in Computer Lab 725 for EOCT

Name 2 reasons for the Spanish-American War in 1898 • What caused the Philippine-American War (Filipino Insurrection)? • Which U.S. president used “big stick” diplomacy to build the Panama Canal? • Which foreign policy document declared that the USA was the “police power” of the Western Hemisphere and would protect the area from European intervention?

Yellow journalism; Spain’s brutality towards the Cuban people; The explosion of the USS Maine (Remember the Maine and to hell with Spain); Willingness to show off the strength of the new American navy; Desire for imperialism • The USA took the Philippines after the Spanish-American War but did not offer the Philippines its independence which caused an uprising and three-year war. • Theodore Roosevelt • The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

Name 2 reasons the USA joined World War I • When the USA entered World War I in 1917, the nation had to mobilize. Name 2 ways the U.S. mobilized for war • How did World War I impact women? • How did the war impact African Americans? • Why was Eugene V Debs jailed during WWI?

Unrestricted submarine warfare (freedom of the seas), sinking of the Lusitania, Germany’s Zimmerman Note to Mexico, President Wilson’s desire “to make the world safe for democracy” • Selective Service Act (draft), War Industries Board (WIB) to direct the economy, rationing, Committee on Public Information (propaganda) • Women got better jobs in war-related industries; Grew “victory gardens;” Sold war bonds; Served as nurses in the Red Cross • African Americans fought in segregated units; Few were allowed to fight; Great Migration allowed blacks to move into the North for factory jobs • Debs was the leader of the American Socialist Party. During WWI, Debs violated the Espionage and Sedition Act; Part of Red Scare

US History EOCT Review and Key Concepts