DO NOW: INFLATION

1. DO NOW: INFLATION GROUP WORK , but everybody records answers on individual sheets! INFLATION ON COCO ISLE Terms: INFLATION: A rise in price level (TOOOOOO MUCH MONEY chasing TOOOOOO FEW GOODS!) DEFLATION: A drop below the initial price level DISINFLATION: A lowering in price level which does not drop below the original price

2. FOCUS:  INFLATIONOBJ: • 1.  Define. • 2.  ID and explain appropriate contractionary policy: •      A. fiscal policy •      B. monetary policy • 3.  Define & differentiate •    A. demand-pull inflation •     B. cost-push inflation • 4. Define and differentiate: •     A. disinflation •     B. hyperinflation •     C. deflation •     D. STAGFLATION 

3. What is INFLATION? • A rise in price level that DECREASES the purchasing power of money

4. Who does it help or hurt? • Helps • DEBTORS • Borrow GOOD money and buy GOOD STUFF • Pay back BAD money • Hurts • CREDITORS • Loan out GOOD money and get paid back in BAD • INFLATION eats up INTEREST and EARNINGS • PEOPLE on FIXED INCOMES • Retirees on Social Security

5. 2 KINDS OF INFLATION: • COST-PUSH INFLATION: prices rise because there is an increase in the cost of inputs (factors of production); supply shrinks in relation to demand, pushing EQUILIBRIUM PRICE UP! • DEMAND-PULL INFLATION: prices rise because there is an increase in demand (“gimmie-gimmie”); demand increases in relation to supply PUSHING EQUILIBRIUM PRICE UP!

6. Due to SUPPLY SHOCKS!

7. MEASURING INFLATION: • CPI - CONSUMER PRICE INDEX: • a tool the government uses to measure INFLATION (the CHANGE IN PRICE of a market basket of goods and services used by average households OVER TIME!) • compiled monthly by the BLS – Bureau of Labor Statistics; they pick a BASE YEAR as 100 and compare current prices to base year prices; > 100 = INFLATION; <100=DEFLATION; most COMMON measure (See p. 339-40) • PPI- PRODUCER PRICE INDEX: tool that measures inflation on the SUPPLY SIDE • GDP DEFLATOR: a tool the government uses to measure INFLATION; more accurate, but less common

8. Compiled by Bureau of Labor Statistics

11. PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS: • PROBLEM=INFLATION; solution = SUCK money out of the economy to slow things down (TIGHT MONEY POLICY – CONTRACTION!) • PROBLEM=UNEMPLOYMENT; solution = BLOW money into the economy to stimulate growth (LOOSE MONEY POLICY – EXPANSION!)

12. CONTROLLING THE MONEY SUPPLY • FISCAL POLICY: What the government can do (congress and the president) – DUSTBUSTER! • MONETARY POLICY: What the Federal Reserve can do – BIG VAC! (Ben Bernanke – CHAIRMAN OF THE FED – and his gang – THE FEDERAL RESERVE BD.)

14. Keynesian Economics: Fiscal Policyand Demand Side Economics

15. The Employment Act of 1946

16. Video Tutorial • EPISODE 26: Fiscal Policy (4:34) • EPISODE #26: FISCAL POLICY • PAUL SOLMAN VIDEO

17. FISCAL POLICY • TAX : raise or lower taxes --EXPANSIONARY POLICY (BLOW! to stimulate growth) cut taxes! LOOSE MONEY! --CONTRACTIONARY POLICY (SUCK! to fight inflation) raise taxes! TIGHT MONEY! • SPEND: increase or decrease spending --EXPANSIONARY POLICY (BLOW! to stimulate growth) increase spending! --CONTRACTIONARY POLICY (SUCK! to fight inflation) decrease spending

19. AUTOMATIC STABILIZERS & DISCRETIONARY POLICY • AUTOMATIC STABILIZERS: • Changes in spending which DO NOT require deliberate action from policy makers • Kick in when needed during an economic downturn • Example: UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS in a recession • DISCRETIONARY • Changes in spending that require the government to act • Corporate BAILOUT • New legislation on infrastructure projects like high speed rail, to create jobs

21. FISCAL STIMULUS HIGH MPC LOW MPS

22. Secretary of the TreasuryJacob “Jack” Lew

23. Federal Budget: (See Solman video) • DEFICIT: • Total amount by which EXPENDITURES exceed REVENUES in a single year • SURPLUS: • Total amount by which REVENUES exceed EXPENDITURES in a single year • DEBT: • Total amount of money owed by the federal government, accumulated over the years

26. THE CROWDING OUT EFFECT • EPISODE 27: Crowding Out - Lags (5:51) • EPISODE #27: CROWDING OUT - LAGS

27. Video Tutorial • EPISODE 31: The Fed (2:30) • EPISODE #31: THE FED • EPISODE 32: Monetary Policy (7:18) • EPISODE #32: MONETARY POLICY • PAUL SOLMAN VIDEO

28. MONETARY POLICY: The process by which the Fed controls the money supply

29. What is the Federal Reserve? • The central banking system for the United States • Responsible for carrying on MONETARY POLICY • Created in 1913 by the Federal Reserve Act

31. 12 District Banks – 25 Branches

33. Chairman of the FedWAS: Ben Bernanke IS: Janet Yellen

34. MONETARY POLICY • RESERVE REQUIREMENT (raise or lower – just NOT done!) • OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS (buy or sell federal government bonds) • INTEREST RATE (raise or lower the DISCOUNT RATE or FEDERAL FUNDS RATE) --DISCOUNT RATE: interest rate at which member banks borrow from the federal reserve --FEDERAL FUNDS RATE: interest rate at which banks borrow from each other

35. TWO TYPES OF POLICIES: • EXPANSIONARY POLICY (loose money policy) geared to stimulate growth and create jobs …………………...BLOW MONEY INTO THE ECONOMY! • CONTRACTIONARY POLICY (tight money policy) geared to slow growth and tame inflation) ……………………SUCK MONEY OUT OF THE ECONOMY!

38. The U.S. Economy Stagnated in the 1970s • President Lyndon B. Johnson’s spending on the Vietnam War and on his Great Society program also depleted the U.S. treasury • Also, since the U.S. did not continue advancing, they were caught by the Japanese and the Germans in industries that the U.S. once dominated: steel, automobiles, consumer electronics.

39. 1973 OIL SHOCK Yom Kippur War

40. STAGFLATION

42. POLITICAL POISON!

43. Video Tutorial • STAGFLATION: (30:00)

44. CARDS UP on INFLATION

45. 1. A rise in the price level which decreases the purchasing power of money is called • a. inflation • b. deflation • c. disinflation • d. hyperinflation • e. stagflation

46. 2. A decline in the price level is called • a. hyperinflation • b. inflation • c. stagflation • d. disinflation • e. deflation

47. 3. A decline in the rate of inflation is called • a. hyperinflation • b. disinflation • c. inflation • d. deflation • e. stagflation

48. 4. Modern fiscal policy results from the work of • a. Jean Baptiste Say • b. Arthur Laffer • c. John Maynard Keynes • d. Arthur Okun • e. Thomas Malthus

49. 5. Which policy measure would a Keynesian economist support to combat recession? • a. doing nothing • b. balanced budget • c. decreasing wages • d. deficit spending • e. printing money

50. 6. What is an appropriate fiscal policy measure to combat recession? • a. decreasing the federal funds rate • b. increasing government spending • c. purchasing government securities • d. increasing the reserve ratio • e. There is no appropriate fiscal policy measure to combat recession.