Promoting Healthy Behavior

1. Promoting Healthy Behavior UNIT 1

2. New Directions for Health � Health Promotion Describes educational, organizational, procedural, environmental, social, and financial supports � Assists individuals and groups in making behavior changes � Risk behaviors � Those that increase the susceptibility to negative health outcomes

3. New Directions for Health � Disease Prevention � Taking positive actions now to avoid sickness later � Primary Prevention � Secondary Prevention: Intervention � Tertiary Prevention: � Treatment/Rehabilitation

4. New Directions for Health � Achievements in Public Health Over Past 100 Years (CDC) � Vaccinations � Motor vehicle safety � Workplace safety � Control of infectious disease � Cardiovascular disease and stroke deaths decreased

5. New Directions for Health � Achievements in Public Health Over Past 100 Years (CDC) (continued) � Safe and healthy foods � Maternal and infant care � Family planning � Fluoridated drinking water � Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard.

6. Gender Differences in Health Status � Physiological differences � Little research went towards women�s health prior to 1990 � National Institute of Health created Office of Research on Women�s Health

7. Gender Differences in Health Status � Historically, why did research exclude women? � Menstruation/Hormone cycles � Concern that trial drugs could damage the fetus � Women�s Health Initiative � 15 year, $625 million dollar clinical trial focusing on the leading causes of death/disease in 160,000 postmenopausal women

8. Improving Your Health � Health Behaviors � Getting a good night�s sleep (minimum of seven hours) � Maintaining healthy eating habits � Managing weight � Participating in physical recreation activities

9. Improving Your Health � Health Behaviors (continued) � Avoiding tobacco products � Practicing safer sex � Limiting intake of alcohol � Scheduling regular self-exams and medical checkups

10. Preparing for Behavior Change � Factors Influencing Behavior Change � Predisposing-life experiences, knowledge, culture that influence behavior � Enabling-physical, emotional, mental factors that can make change convenient or difficult � Reinforcing-the presence or absence of support to change from significant people � Motivation � Wanting to make a change

11. Preparing for Behavior Change � Readiness � a state of being that precedes behavior change � Beliefs � Appraisal of the relationship between an object/action/idea and its attributes � Attitudes � Stable set of beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies

12. Choosing A Behavior-Change Strategy � Techniques � Shaping-using a series of small steps to reach your goal � Visualization-mental practice and rehearsal � Modeling-learning specific behaviors by watching others � Controlling the Situation-consider putting yourself in an environment/situation that promotes positive behavior � Reinforcement (5 forms)-Consumable, Activity, Manipulative, Possessional, and Social � Changing Self-Talk-the way you think and talk to yourself

13. Changing Your Behavior � Analyzing Personal Behavior � Frequency-How often? � Duration-How long has this been going on? � Seriousness-What are the consequences? � Basis for problem behavior-Based on facts, experiences, ignorance? � Antecedents-What situations or settings trigger your behavior?

15. Physical Health: Freedom from disease and physically fit. Emotional Health: Self efficacy. Includes social skills and interpersonal skills. Emotional stability is a cornerstone in dealing with the pressure of work, school, family and everyday stuff. Intellectual Health: Anyone Read? Life long learning will help keep an individuals intellectual spirit vibrant. Social Health: Anyone ever play the game Sims? The development and maintenance of meaningful interpersonal relationships. Support network of friends and family = confidence and emotional security. Environmental Health: Examples of Negative Environmental? Air Pollution, Water contamination, food supply safety, overexposure to ultra violet rays, lead paint. Spiritual Health: Glue that holds an individual together. Spiritual can mean different things to different people. It can encompass personal values and morals or religious beliefs.Physical Health: Freedom from disease and physically fit. Emotional Health: Self efficacy. Includes social skills and interpersonal skills. Emotional stability is a cornerstone in dealing with the pressure of work, school, family and everyday stuff. Intellectual Health: Anyone Read? Life long learning will help keep an individuals intellectual spirit vibrant. Social Health: Anyone ever play the game Sims? The development and maintenance of meaningful interpersonal relationships. Support network of friends and family = confidence and emotional security. Environmental Health: Examples of Negative Environmental? Air Pollution, Water contamination, food supply safety, overexposure to ultra violet rays, lead paint. Spiritual Health: Glue that holds an individual together. Spiritual can mean different things to different people. It can encompass personal values and morals or religious beliefs.

16. How to Live to be 100Corliss and Lemonick What are the secrets to a long life? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

17. Putting a Premium on HealthDorschner Name the three steps for employers to take in order to promote wellness in employees. Why do some employers and insurance companies believe that employees who reject healthy habits should pay more for their health insurance?

18. Why the Rich live LongerSeligman There are many benefits to being rich. New studies show that the well-to-do live longer because they are smarter, making it easier for them to adopt healthy habits and understand the doctor�s orders. What are two of three propositions for the argument that the rich live longer because they are smarter?

19. Bad Behavior: Smoking Tobacco COSTS: Cigarettes are the most heavily advertised products in the US Tobacco companies spend over 4 billion dollars each year on advertising and promotion of their deadly products. Smoking costs the nation over $100 billion per year in health care costs and lost productivity.� c. $398 per American per year. How much does it cost you? $3.00 per pack x 7 packs per week = $1,092 per year $1092 x 20 years = $21,840 Is this your Car?Down payment on your House? The Average Hospital Stay for Smoking Related Diseases is from $20,000 to $100,000! http://www.beyondyourimagination.com/stopsmoking/badlungs.html

20. Why is Smoking Good for your Health? Nothing�.

21. Why Is Smoking Bad? Immediate Reasons Bad Smell on Clothes/Hair/Skin Lower Athletic Ability Cough and Sore Throat Bad Breath Faster Heartbeat and raised blood pressure Risk of 2nd hand smoke to friends and family Cost of Smoking

22. Why Is Smoking Bad? Long Term Reasons Toxic Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke Risk of Lung Cancer and many other cancers Risk of Heart Disease Serious breathing problems Time lost working or having fun b/c your sick Wrinkles Risk of Stomach ulcers and acid reflux Risk of Gum disease Risk of Damage to babies of pregnant women who smoke Setting bad example for children

23. Smoking Cessation ~Target Behavior Identify behaviors that need to be changed. (smoking, drinking, not exercising regularly, eating fast food, not drinking water, picking your nose.) Target the behavior that is most detrimental to your health. Monitor the behavior. How long did it last? When did it occur? Where did it occur? What else were you doing? Other influences? Your thoughts and feelings about the behavior. Set Goals to curb the behavior. Establish goals that are achievable. Put goals in writing and place them where you can see them everyday. Establish short and long term goals. Choose Rewards for meeting goals. Avoid eating sweets as a reward!

24. Smoking Cessation Q & A How important is it to stop smoking? What are the immediate benefits of quitting? Does cancer risk change after quitting? What is nicotine replacement therapy? Tobacco use remains the single most preventable cause of death in the United States. Cig smoking accounts for nearly 1/3 of all cancer deaths in this country. Lung Cancer is the leading cause of deaths. Smoking is a precursor to a bunch of other fun diseases. Smoking during pregnancy can have adverse effects on the unborn child, such as premature delivery and low birth weight. Immediate Benefits? Circulation begins to improve immediately and the level of carbon monoxide in the blood begins to decline. Pulse rate and blood pressure normalize. Within a few days of quitting, a person�s sense of taste and smell return and breathing becomes increasingly easier. YES it decreases. # of Cig/Age started/years smoked all work into the equation. Nicotine is the addicting drug. Nicotine therapy helps to curb the withdrawal symptoms without fogging up the lungs. A. Nicotine Patch B. Nicotine Gum C. Nicotine Nasal Spray D. Nicotine InhalerTobacco use remains the single most preventable cause of death in the United States. Cig smoking accounts for nearly 1/3 of all cancer deaths in this country. Lung Cancer is the leading cause of deaths. Smoking is a precursor to a bunch of other fun diseases. Smoking during pregnancy can have adverse effects on the unborn child, such as premature delivery and low birth weight. Immediate Benefits? Circulation begins to improve immediately and the level of carbon monoxide in the blood begins to decline. Pulse rate and blood pressure normalize. Within a few days of quitting, a person�s sense of taste and smell return and breathing becomes increasingly easier. YES it decreases. # of Cig/Age started/years smoked all work into the equation. Nicotine is the addicting drug. Nicotine therapy helps to curb the withdrawal symptoms without fogging up the lungs. A. Nicotine Patch B. Nicotine Gum C. Nicotine Nasal Spray D. Nicotine Inhaler

25. Discussion Why do you think that people continue to engage in negative health behaviors when they know that these behaviors will have a negative impact on their health? Have you ever done so? Why?