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Promoting Health Behavior Change

Promoting Health Behavior Change. Chapter 1. Pre-test. You will need a scantron and a pencil. Test Your Knowledge T/F. In 1900, infectious diseases such as pneumonia and tuberculosis were responsible for more than one-third of all deaths in the U.S.

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Promoting Health Behavior Change

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  1. Promoting Health Behavior Change Chapter 1

  2. Pre-test • You will need a scantron and a pencil

  3. Test Your Knowledge T/F • In 1900, infectious diseases such as pneumonia and tuberculosis were responsible for more than one-third of all deaths in the U.S. • TRUE Now—only about 2%--heart disease, cancer, stroke = 50%

  4. Test Your Knowledge T/F • The leading cause of death among Americans age 15-34 is unintentional injuries (accidents). • TRUE—homicide and suicide are #2 and #3—death rate for males more than twice females

  5. Test Your Knowledge T/F • Which of the following lifestyle factors is the leading preventable cause of death for Americans? • Cigarette smoking • Poor dietary habits and lack of exercise • Alcohol abuse • B. Smoking (435,000 deaths/yr) • Poor diet & inactivity (365,000) • Alcohol (more than 80,000)

  6. Test Your Knowledge T/F • Only 50% of health-related Web sites are nonpromotional and based on scientific information? • FALSE: 35%

  7. Chapter 1 • What is health? • The ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in the physical, social, emotional, mental, spiritual and environmental dimensions. • What is wellness? • Achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions

  8. Putting Your Life in Gear • Reverse: Sickness/disease • Neutral: Healthy • Forward: Wellness

  9. How Many of These Healthy Behaviors Do You Practice? Table 1.2

  10. Assess Yourself • Take a few minutes to complete the assessment on page 10 • This will help you understand each of the dimensions

  11. Healthy People 2010 GoalsHealth Goals for Americans • Increase the quality and years of healthy life. • Eliminate health disparities.

  12. What Contributes to Health Issues for Diverse Populations • Gender • Race and Ethnicity • Inadequate Health Insurance • Lifestyle Behaviors • Transportation

  13. Are men and women different when it comes to their health? Pg. 20 • Size, structure, function of brain • Bone mass • Cardiovascular systems • Immune systems • Alcohol, tobacco, other drugs • STD’s • Depression

  14. Health People 2010: 28 Focus Areas • Examples: Page 9 • Nutrition and overweight • Safety • Substance abuse • Sexually transmitted diseases • Injury and accident prevention • Maternal, infant and child health • Tobacco use

  15. Disease Prevention • Primary: Actions to stop problems before they start (safe sex, not smoking, immunization) • Secondary: Intervention early in the development of the health problem (oung smoker taking action to reduce/quit smoking) • Tertiary: Treatment and/or rehab efforts Example?

  16. U.S. Causes of Death/All • Heart disease 685,089 • Cancer 556,902 • Cerebrovascular diseases 157,689 • Chronic lower respiratory diseases 126,382 • Unintentional/Injuries 109,277 • Diabetes • Pneumonia/Influenza • Alzheimer’s disease • Kidney disease • Other Countries: Infection/Poverty

  17. U.S. Causes of Death/15-24 • Unintentional injuries 15,412 • Homicide 5,219 • Suicide 4,010 • Malignant neoplasms 1,730 • Diseases of the heart 1,022

  18. Leading Preventable Causes of Death—pg. 5 1. Tobacco (close to #2) 2. Poor diet/Physical inactivity 3. Alcohol consumption 4. Microbial agents (e.g. influenza, pneumonia) 5. Toxic agents (e.g. pollutants, asbestos) 6. Motor vehicles 7. Firearms 8. Sexual behavior 9. Illicit drug abuse

  19. 100 Years Ago Versus Now

  20. Health Statistics • 1900 F 50.9 M 47.9 • 1950 F 71.1 M 65.6 • 1996 Overall 76.1 • 2004 Overall 76.9 • F outlive M average of 6 years • White Males 73.8 Black M 66.1 • White infant 6% Black 14.2% • WHY?

  21. Yesterday Life Expectancy = 61 years Illness – unstoppable & deadly Poor/lack of medical care/ treatment Unsanitary living conditions Contamination (water, air, human waste) Today Life Expectancy = 76-85 years Vaccinations/medical advances Control of environment (safe/healthy water, food) Motor vehicle safety Workplace safety Control of infectious diseases Reduction of CVD & stroke deaths Maternal/infant care Family planning Recognition of tobacco as health hazard

  22. Choosing Wellness • Responsibility • Stress • Mentally Healthy • Relationships • Toxins • Diet/Exercise • Health Care System • Understanding Illness • Natural process of aging • Understanding the Environment

  23. Getting Started • Examine current health habits • Choose a target behavior • Obtain information about your target behavior • Find outside help

  24. Building Motivation for Change • Examine the pros and cons • Boosting self-efficacy • Locus of control • Internal control versus External control • Visualization • Self-Talk • Social Support • Identify and overcome barriers to change

  25. Statistics: • 75% of deaths in U.S. linked to chronic disease • 50%+ Americans don’t exercise • ~90% say they know they should • ~60% describe themselves as OW • 26% smoke • ~40% don’t have annual check-ups • 40-80% quit within 6 weeks WHY?

  26. What Shapes Your Behavior? • Three types of influences that shape behavior: • Predisposing Factors: Knowledge, attitude, beliefs, values, perceptions. Knowledge isn’t enough--you may know smoking is unhealthy but still don’t quit.

  27. What Shapes Your Behavior? (2) • Enabling Factors: Skills, resources, accessible facilities, physical capabilities, mental capabilities. What means do you have available to reach your goals? Even if you are very motivated, if you hit these obstacles, can have a set back.

  28. What Shapes Your Behavior? (3) • Reinforcing factors: Praise from others, rewards, encouragement, recognition, sense of achievement. Lasting change comes from internal rewards, internal commitment and sense of achievement.

  29. The Stages of Change Model Developed by James Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente • Precontemplation • Contemplation • Preparation • Action • Maintenance • 6 mths – 5 yrs • Termination

  30. Developing Skills for Change:Creating a Personalized Plan • Monitor behavior and gather data • Analyze data and identify patterns • Set specific goals • Devise a strategy • Obtain information and supplies • Modify your environment • Reward yourself • Involve people around you • Plan ahead for challenging situations • Make a personal contract

  31. Behavior Contract Assignment • See the contract in the front of your book • Complete this contract to turn in the next class period

  32. Putting Your Plan Into Action • Requires commitment • Use all strategies • Journal Analyze your plan • Rewards

  33. Staying With It • Social influences • Levels of Motivation and Commitment— • Self-efficacy & External/internal locus of control • Choices of techniques and level of effort (may adjust/change) • Stress barriers • Games People Play • (Procrastinating, blaming, rationalizing)

  34. Web Info • “Seventy percent of college students obtain health information from the Internet. This makes the Internet second only to students’ parents as a source of information.”

  35. Finding Reliable health Information on the Internet • Official government agencies, universities, hospitals/medical centers • Peer-reviewed journals • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (www.cdc.gov) • World Health Organization (www.who.int/en)

  36. Aetna Intelihealth: www.intelihealth.com • www.drkoop.com • www.druginfonet.com • www.healthatzo.com • http://my.webmd.com • URAC Accredited Health Web Seal www.urac.org (set criteria and have a forum for reporting violations) • Cross-check information • Watch out for websites trying to sell you something

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