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THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE. GENETIC FACTORS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM THE BRAIN THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION NEUROPHARMACOLOGY PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY INTEGRATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS.

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THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

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  1. THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE • GENETIC FACTORS • THE NERVOUS SYSTEM • THE BRAIN • THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM • THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION • NEUROPHARMACOLOGY • PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY • INTEGRATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS http://www.morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/specimens.html

  2. THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION • Neuroanatomy • Neuropathology • Neurochemistry • Neuropharmacology • Neuropsychology

  3. THE NEURON

  4. Types of Neurons

  5. Communication • Neurons “fire” • Action Potential releases neurotransmitters • Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and bind to the post-synaptic membrane of the neighboring neuron(s) • Excitatory or inhibitory • The circle of events continues… • The network of neural cells is highly specialized

  6. http://www.morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/specimens.htmlhttp://www.morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/specimens.html

  7. http://www.morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/specimens.htmlhttp://www.morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/specimens.html

  8. Purkinje Cell • Main players in the cerebellum • Long Distance Connections • Most number of connections http://www.morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/specimens.html

  9. The Brain

  10. BROCA’S AREA FOR SPEECH

  11. BRAIN AT 15 WEEKS GESTATION

  12. BRAIN AT 32 WEEKS GESTATION

  13. cerebellum pons

  14. Medulla • Breathing • Heart rate regulation • Pons • Reticular formation • Sleep • Arousal • Cerebellum • Many fine folds; large surface area • Muscle movement & muscle tone • Balance • Some learning & memory

  15. Divisions of the Brain • Hindbrain • Medulla • Reticular formation • Cerebellum • Midbrain • Dopamine produced • Relay of visual and auditory signals • Forebrain • Diencephalon • Hypothalamus • thalamus • Telencephalon • cortex

  16. THE BRAIN

  17. Diencephalon • Thalamus • “relay station” for sensory information (except smell) • Directs sensory signals to appropriate areas of cortex • Hypothalamus • Involved in motivated behavior (feeding, drinking, sex) • Regulates the internal environment of the body • Fight-or-flight response • Endocrine System • Temperature Control

  18. LIMBIC LOBE GRAPHIC OVERLAY

  19. Limbic System Hippocampus (blue) (purple)

  20. Basal Ganglia • Initiates Movement • e.g., walking • Gross motor control • Many smaller structures • Affected in Parkinson’s

  21. Sensorimotor Cortex, Left Hemisphere

  22. OLFACTORY TRACT

  23. BRAIN IMAGING • COMPUTERIZED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY (CT) • MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) • MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (MRS) • SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (SPECT) • POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PT)

  24. POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY(PT SCAN)

  25. PET SCAN NORMAL AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE

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