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Biological Perspective (P1)

Biological Perspective (P1). For P1; You need to cover Maturational theory The importance of genetic influences on behaviour Influences of nervous and endocrine systems on behaviour. Biological Theory . Looks at how biological factors can influence behaviour and personality .

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Biological Perspective (P1)

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  1. Biological Perspective (P1) For P1; You need to cover Maturational theory The importance of genetic influences on behaviour Influences of nervous and endocrine systems on behaviour

  2. Biological Theory • Looks at how biological factors can influence behaviour and personality

  3. Gesell and maturational theory • “Maturation”- the process of change that takes place during the lifespan • Maturational changes are biologically programmed and come about as a result of our genes • Maturational change should be: -UNIVERSAL- It will happen in all people - SEQUENTIAL - It will follow the same predictable pattern -BIOLOGICAL-It does not need any environmental influences to make it happen

  4. THE IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC INFLUENCE ON BEHAVIOUR • Has anyone ever said: “you are just like your mom” • Have you learned this behaviour? (Social Learning Theory) • OR • Is the behaviour inherited, and passed on genetically?

  5. Genetically determined? • Is intelligence determined by our genes or our environment? • Do intelligent parents make intelligent children? • Studies suggest it is a mix of environment and genes

  6. Genetically Determined Disorders • Some disorders are the result of a single dominant gene, which either parent can pass on to their child. E.g. Huntington's disease • This disease usually begins to show when the individual is aged 30-50 years old and some of the changes in behaviour can include • hallucinations and delusions • Severe confusion • Progressive memory loss • Inappropriate speech • Personality changes • Other disorders are caused when both parents pass on the gene for the disorder • E.g. Cystic Fibrosis and Sickle Cell Anaemia

  7. The influence of the nervous and endocrine system on behaviour • The nervous system has 2 parts: • Central nervous system,- Brain and Spinal cord • Peripheral nervous system- Sensory and Motor Nerves • Damage to the brain can effect behaviour • The effect will depend on which part of the brain is damaged

  8. Nervous System (2) The nervous system Is made up of cells that carry messages in the form of “nerve impulses” around the body and to and from the brain The impulse travelling along the length of a nerve cell is a tiny electrical charge. When an impulse reaches the “synapse” the gap between one nerve fibre and the next, the electrical charge can go no further. Instead it release a tiny amount of chemical, called a “neurotransmitter” This chemical flows form across the synapse an causes the charge to begin in the next nerve cell in the path way

  9. Endocrine system • The endocrine system uses chemicals to carry messages around the body. • These are hormones, which are released from various glands in our bodies • These pass into the bloodstream and act on organs elsewhere in the body

  10. Some hormones can effect behaviour • Testosterone- effects development of male sexual characteristics and may influence aggressiveness • Oestrogen/progesterone- effects development of female sexual characteristics • Melatonin-regulates sleep- wake cycle

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