Warm Up Complete your Student Notebook work and turn it in. DUE TODAY! Complete your Nature v. Nurture PowerPoint and

1. Unit 5 Socializing the Individual Warm Up • Complete your Student Notebook work and turn it in. DUE TODAY! • Complete your Nature v. Nurture PowerPoint and email it to Mrs. Bradley. • Work on your Field Study. • Study for your vocabulary test.

2. Unit 5 Socializing the Individual Warm Up • Pick up a Sociology book and the Unit 5 illustrated dictionary definitions handout. • Begin defining the words listed using the glossary and creating your drawings.

3. Personality Development What is personality? You probably think of someone’s social skills or social appeal. Personality= sum total of behaviors, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an individual.

4. Factors that Shape Individual Personality Development 1. HeredityEveryone has characteristics that are present from birth. • Physical Traits • Inherited Characteristics such as strong muscles, good eyesight, etc • Aptitudes – ability to acquire skills such as: music, art, mathematics, sports, speaking, etc. • Biological Drives

5. Factors that Shape Individual Personality Development 2. Birth Order Our personalities are also influenced by whether we have brothers, sisters, both or neither and whether they are older or younger than we are. • First Born Children – achievement oriented, responsible, conservative • Younger Children - Risk takers, affectionate, social • Middle Children – peace makers, creative

6. Factors that Shape Individual Personality Development 3. Parental Characteristics The characteristics of your parents can have a large effect on your personality. • Age of Parents – Older parents often raise children differently than younger ones. • Level of education • Religious orientation • Economic status • Occupational background

7. Factors that Shape Individual Personality Development 4. Cultural Environment Each culture gives rise to a series of personality traits – model personalities – that are typical of that society. U.S. – competitiveness, assertiveness, individualism China – respect for elders, deference to authority, family obligations Gender differences Survival patterns

8. Nature Heredity Birth Order Mental abilities Physical abilities Aptitudes and talents Brain chemistry Nurture Cultural Environment Parental Characteristics Parental modeling and nurturing Economic status Education Training and practice Experiences Nature versus Nurture

9. Nature! versus Nurture Twins * Identical twins are genetically identical.* For this reason, twins separated at birth and later reunited have been subjects for scientific researchers investigating the influence of heredity and environment on human personality.

10. Nature! versus Nurture Twins Raised Apart from Birth Tom Patterson and Steve Tazumi are twin brothers separated 40 years ago as infants in an orphanage in Japan and onlyrecently reunited. Although raised in different kinds of families in different parts of the U.S., the twins found that they walked alike, talked alike, and even had scars from injuries they suffered on the same place on their body. They are both weight-lifters and have both owned a gym; they both married American women and they both gave their first child a Japanese name and their second an American name.

11. Nature! versus Nurture Twins Raised Apart from Birth The woman seated alone onstage at the opening of the Maury Povich show was already famous in the twin literature: Barbara Herbert, a plump 58-year-old with a broad, pretty face and short, silver hair, found her lost twin, Daphne Goodship, 18 years ago. Both had been adopted as babies into separate British families after their Finnish single mother killed herself.

12. Nature! versus Nurture Twins Raised Apart from Birth Both women grew up in towns outside of London, left school at 14, fell down stairs at 15 and weakened their ankles, went to work in local government, met their future husbands at age 16 at the Town Hall dance, miscarried in the same month, then gave birth to two boys and a girl. Both tinted their hair auburn when young, were squeamish about blood and heights, and drank their coffee cold. When they met, both were wearing cream-colored dresses and brown velvet jackets. Both had the same crooked little fingers, a habit of pushing up their nose with the palm of their hand--which both nicknamed "squidging"--and a way of bursting into laughter that soon had people referring to them as the Giggle Twins.(Psychology Today, August, 1997)

13. Nature versus Nurture • JUDITH HARRIS, Author, "The Nurture Assumption:" It's the assumption that what makes children turn out the way they do, aside from their genes, the environmental part of child development, is the experiences they have at home, and in particular the experiences they have with their parents.

14. Nature versus Nurture! In Harry Harlow's initial experiments infant monkeys were separated from their mothers at six to twelve hours after birth and were raised instead with substitute or 'surrogate' mothers made either of heavy wire or of wood covered with soft terry cloth. In one experiment both types of surrogates were present in the cage, but only one was equipped with a nipple from which the infant could nurse. Some infants received nourishment from the wire mother, and others were fed from the cloth mother. Even when the wire mother was the source of nourishment, the infant monkey spent a greater amount of time clinging to the cloth surrogate."

15. Nature versus Nurture! Unfortunately: "...the actions of surrogate-raised monkeys became bizarre later in life. They engaged in stereotyped behavior patterns such as clutching themselves and rocking constantly back and forth; they exhibited excessive and misdirected aggression..." They were unable to raise babies of their own or socialize with other monkeys.

16. Nature versus Nurture! Feral Children Genie spent 13 years of her life locked in her bedroom. During the day, she was tied to a potty chair in diapers; and most nights, she was then bound in a sleeping bag and placed in an enclosed crib with a metal lid to keep her shut inside. Her father would beat her every time she vocalized and he barked and growled at her like a dog in order to keep her quiet; he also forbade his wife and son to ever speak to her. She became almost entirely mute, and knew only a few short words and phrases, such as "stopit" and "nomore."

17. Nature versus Nurture! • Rescue • Genie was discovered at the age of 13, when her mother ran away from her husband and took Genie with her. They came into a welfare office in Temple City, California to seek benefits for the blind. A social worker discovered them and thought that Genie was six or seven years old and possibly autistic. When it was revealed that she was actually 13 years old, the social worker immediately called her supervisor, who called the police. Her parents were charged with child abuse, and Genie was taken to a children's hospital in Los Angeles. Genie's mother, weak and almost blind, claimed she was herself a victim of abuse by Genie's father. The father committed suicide shortly after Genie's discovery.

18. The Social Self A number of theories exist to explain how people become socialized and develop a sense of self. 1. Tabula Rasa – The Clean Slate: John Locke believed that human beings could be molded into any type of character. He believed that given an infant he could shape that child’s personality, giving it any characteristic he chose. Most sociologists think of socialization as a process, by which individuals absorb the aspects of their culture with which they come in contact.

19. The Social Self A number of theories exist to explain how people become socialized and develop a sense of self. 2. The Looking-Glass Self The interactive process by which we develop an image of ourselves based on how we imagine we appear to others. Other people act as a mirror, reflecting back the image we project through their reactions to our behavior. Social psychologist Charles Horton Cooley – interactionist perspective.

20. The Social Self A number of theories exist to explain how people become socialized and develop a sense of self. 3. Role-Taking We see ourselves not only as others see us, but actually take on or pretend to take on the roles of others. Significant others – special people who have a direct influence on our socialization. In adolescence this is most often our peer group. Social psychologist George Herbert Mead – interactionist perspective.

21. Agents of Socialization The Family • Has the greatest effect on the socialization of young children. • Varies from family to family • Varies from culture to culture

22. Agents of Socialization The Peer Group • Particularly influential in the pre teenage and teenage years. • Peer pressure is a powerful force • Adolescents shape themselves into the kind of person they think their group wants them to be.

23. Agents of Socialization The School • Between the ages of 5 and 18 people spend about 30 weeks a year in school • Most socialization is deliberate. (Think: ES grade!) • Other socialization is unintentional: After all, where DID you meet your peer group?

24. Agents of Socialization The Mass Media • Movies, television, music, newspapers, internet, magazines and radio. • Reaches vast audiences • Has impersonal contact • Has the goal of enriching the producers of the shows, not benefiting society.

25. Field Study: Socializing the Individual • Mass Media and Behavior •        Mass media includes books, films, the internet, magazines,  newspapers, radio and television.  These have powerful influence as socialization agents in American society. •  1.  Access the internet:   go.hrw.com  Keyword: SL3 SC5  Click on Television and Behavior. •             Read the articles listed under "The Lion and the Lamb Project" and "Children and Television Violence."2.  Interview at least three members of your peer group regarding the positive and negative influences of television on children.  Summarize your research and interview findings. Include your opinion and supporting facts concerning how television influences children in a brochure (Use Publisher or Word) aimed at educating young parents about the influence that television has on their child's developing personality.