Emerging Technologies

1. CISB422 Emerging Technologies Ubiquitous Computing

2. Background • Definition Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is a post-desktop model of human-computer interaction in which information processing has been thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities -Wikipedia-

3. Background-cont • Mainframe computing (60’s-70’s) • massive computers to execute big data processing applications • very few computers in the world • Desktop computing (80’s-90’s) • one computer at every desk to help in business-related activities • computers connected in intranets to a massive global network (internet), all wired • Ubiquitous computing (00’s-?) • tens/hundreds of computing devices in every room/person, becoming “invisible” and part of the environment • WANs, LANs, PANs – networking in small spaces

4. Background-cont “The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it” Mark Weiser, 1991

5. Background-cont • Weiser, M , “The Computer for the 21st Century”, Scientific American, DRAFT from the web • Pervasive computing - The idea that technology is moving beyond the personal computer to everyday devices with embedded technology and connectivity as computing devices become progressively smaller and more powerful. • Every wear & Everywhere/Anywhere • Goal: • To create an environment where the connectivity of devices is embedded in such a way that the connectivity is unobtrusive and always available • How to make them “disappear”? • Shrink, embed/distribute it in the physical world • Design interactions that don’t demand our attention

6. When everything is SMART.. and TALKING Battery is low! I’m getting colder.. Time to water me.. It’s dinner time We’re due!! Breaking news! A talking parrot was kidnapped..

7. When everything is SMART.. and TALKING Battery is low! Computing becomes ubiquitous I’m getting colder.. Time to water me.. It’s dinner time We’re due!! Breaking news! A talking parrot was kidnapped..

8. Ubiquitous Computing

9. Today’s UbiComp • Technologies • Infrastructures Computer Network Software UbiComp • Conceptual Overview • Human Activities + Experiences

10. Fundamental Concepts • Enablers: • Nanotechnology • Scaling down computer components • Wireless Technology • Using wireless to access network and communication services • Context Awareness • Providing information/services to users based on their current situation/location • Natural Interaction • Word processor vs. a letter writer

11. Fundamental Concepts • Enablers: • Moore’s Law • Processing speed + storage capacity doubles every 18 months • Communication • Bandwidth of single fibre • Wireless: GSM, GPRS, 3G • New materials • Electronic ink, smart paper, organic semiconductor • Sensors/Actuators • Miniaturized cameras, microphones, radio sensors, RFID, infrared, GPS

12. Generic Features • Transparent Interfaces • Context-Awareness • Capture Experience • Hide presence from user • Provide interaction • Context: information about the environment with which the application is associated

13. Ubicomp Applications • Context-aware computing • Automated capture and access systems • Smart home, healthcare and assistive applications • Energy monitoring and sustainability • Mobile social network software

14. Internet of Things (IoT) Mobile Phone Satellite Server Desktop GPS Communication Tower Kevin Ashton, 1999

15. Technology Challenges • HCI • Security & Privacy • Communications & Networking • Operating Systems • Hardware Design • Software Design

16. Technology Challenges-HCI • Interface • Very small interface • Tangible interface • No interface • Everywhere interface • Overcoming real-estate shortage • New devices, voice/video input • Intelligence • Context-awareness

17. Technology Challenges-Security + Privacy • Wireless systems • Pervasive access points to network • Implementing surveillance • Overcoming surveillance • Control • Trust vs trustworthiness

18. Technology Challenges-Communication + Networking • Various networks: home, personal, ad-hoc, public access • New media (sound, chemicals, bio-sensing, feelings) • New metrics: bits/s/m3 • How to leverage all available networks to provide global services (scope, scalability, standardization)

19. Technology Challenges-Operating Systems • Resources: • Limited resources • Power-aware, heat dissipation, resource management • Generic vs specialized • Dependable • Mobile (time, performance, location, disconnection) • Real-time DSP

20. Technology Challenges-Hardware Design • Size • Small, low weight, low power • Robust: • may be deployed in harsh environment • Production: extreme cost sensitivity • Sensing capabilities • Fast product cycles

21. Technology Challenges-Application Design • Able to cope with hardware variation • Able to cope with rapidly changing requirements • Programming the systems vs programming the devices • Easily customized in different environment

22. Technology Challenges-Application Design • Able to cope with hardware variation • Able to cope with rapidly changing requirements • Programming the systems vs programming the devices • Easily customized in different environment

23. Applications: Examples • Active Theatre @ Aarhus University • Aware Home @ Georgia Tech • Urban Tapestries @ Proboscis • Feral Robots v2 @ Birkbeck and Proboscis • Uncle Roy All Around You @ Equator • Great Duck Island Project @ UC Berkeley

24. Implementations • Microsoft Smart Personal Object Technology (SPOT) • Smartwatches • Alarm clocks • Weather stations • Coffeemakers • Discontinued on Jan 1st, 2012 due to poor demand

25. Your task: Search & prepare a short report • Pileus Smart Umbrella

26. Your task: Search & prepare a short report • MediaCup

27. Your task: Search & prepare a short report • SenseChair • Whereabouts Clock

28. Your task: Search & prepare a short report • Smart Devices • Wearable Smart Devices and Implants