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Techniques in post treatment of ABR effluents in treating municipal wastewater

Techniques in post treatment of ABR effluents in treating municipal wastewater . A literature review of appropriate technologies for Nepal Sanita Dhaubanjar’13 Smith-Princeton Exchange Student 2011. PEI Health Grand Challenge.

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Techniques in post treatment of ABR effluents in treating municipal wastewater

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  1. Techniques in post treatment of ABR effluents in treating municipal wastewater A literature review of appropriate technologies for Nepal Sanita Dhaubanjar’13 Smith-Princeton Exchange Student 2011

  2. PEI Health Grand Challenge • Project Title : Study on the water systems and delivery of water in Kathmandu Nepal • Organization: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal • Project Summary: The project would involve work with the epidemiology team of OUCRU-NP and the Engineering Department of Kathmandu City to GIS map all the water spouts, investigate the water delivery systems, and link this with the on-going molecular epidemiology of enteric fever in the city.

  3. Developing a New Project • Project: Research on Wastewater treatment technologies • Organisation: Bio-Based and Green Energy Lab (BGEL) at Kathmandu University (KU) • Project Advisors: • Dr BivekBaral, Coordinator, BGELDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, KUEmail: bivek@ku.edu.np • Sunil Lohani Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Email: splohani@ku.edu.np

  4. Proposed Goals of Study • Literature review of Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR) technology to Identify suitable pre and post treatment technology to supplement ABR as they effluent quality from ABR does not acceptable standards. Focus on less land intensive technologies. • Review different wastewater efmeet fluent standards around the world, especially in south-Asian countries like Nepal and suggest acceptable and reasonable effluent standards for Nepal.

  5. Current status of wastewater treatment in Kathmandu, Nepal

  6. Dhobighat Wastewater Treatment Plant Kodku Wastewater Treatment Plant

  7. Status of wastewater treatment • The 5 centralized WWTP that are not working. All plants were based primarily on aerobic degradation. • About 12 communities tried to implement decentralized Reed Bed Treatment. ENPHO and handful of private groups invested in constructed wetland based treatment. • Roughly 370 MLD of wastewater produced in the country of which the installed WWTP account for only 37 MLD (10% of total demand)

  8. Identified Problems in Nepal • Technical inefficiencies • Blocked sewers due to inadequate flushing and self cleaning • Lack of filtration or sedimentation as pre-treatment • Lack of institutional capacity to run WWTP • Failure to design for combined sewer overflows (CSOs) • Traditionally preferred system of waste stabilization ponds not favored because of increased land cost, and advanced systems are not being constructed because of high capital and operational costs plus lack of technical expertise. • Administrative inefficiencies • Overlapping responsibility between various government sectors in maintenance of sewer systems. • Lack of strict monitoring of wastewater discharge.

  9. Anaerobic Baffle Reactor: Overview Schematic cross-section of an up-flow ABR. Source: Morel & Diener (2006)

  10. Highlights from review • Optimal reactor conditions and supplements available in literature to enhance performance • Suitable technologies found in literature • Coagulation-Floccultaion using Zeolite/polymer columns • Membrane Separation Technologies, espceciallyUltrafiltration • Aerobic CSTRs • Submergerd aerated bio-filter • Dissolved air flotation • Trickling filter • Anaerobic filters • Wetlands and aerated lagoons • Soil Aquifier treatment (SAT) • Anaerobic filters • Down flowhanging sludge filters • Activated Sludge processes • UV/H2O2 • Periodic Anaerobic Baffle Reactor for time varying loadings

  11. Other Suggestions • Wastewater characterization • Identify and raise awareness about potential reuse of treated wastewater • Cost analysis of various combination of wastewater treatment • Surveys to understand the interests and knowledge of communities in managing their own wastes

  12. My Learning experience • Valuable insight on starting and conducting researches and literature review • Increased efficiency in conducting searches using Journal Search Engines • Knowledge about wastewater treatment technologies and their appropriateness • Status of wastewater treatment in Nepal • Understand the importance of networking

  13. Acknowledgements • Dr. Baral and Prof. Lohani at Kathmandu University • Dr Jeremy Farrar and Nepal’s team at OUCRU • PEI Health Grand Challenges

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