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Animal Science/Dairy Science 434

Animal Science/Dairy Science 434. Reproductive Physiology Female Anatomy. Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy. Learning Objectives. To be able to describe the female reproductive system in cattle. Structure Function. Male. Stallion. Female. Mare. Equine - Horse. Female. Cow.

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Animal Science/Dairy Science 434

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  1. Animal Science/Dairy Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Female Anatomy

  2. Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy

  3. Learning Objectives • To be able to describe the female reproductive system in cattle. • Structure • Function

  4. Male Stallion Female Mare Equine - Horse

  5. Female Cow Bovine - Cattle Male Bull

  6. Male Ram Female Ewe Ovine - Sheep

  7. Male Boar Female Sow Porcine - Swine - Pig

  8. Male Rooster Female Hen Avian - Chicken

  9. Uterine Body Uterine Horn Uterine Horn Ovary Ovary Oviduct Oviduct Cervix Bladder Vagina Urethra Clitoris Vulva

  10. Rectum Uterus Vulva Ovary Vagina Pelvis Bladder Cervix Oviduct Broad Ligament

  11. Broad Ligament • connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract BL - Broad Ligament UH - Uterine Horn O - Ovary OD - Oviduct

  12. Broad Ligament • Mesometrium • Supports Uterus • Mesosalpinx • Supports Oviduct • Mesovarium • Supports Ovary

  13. Ovary - Primary Sex Organ • Functions • Hormonal • Estrogen • Progesterone • Female gamete • Oocyte

  14. Follicle Corpus Luteum Corpus Luteum Progesterone Progesterone Ovary - Estrogen, Oocyte

  15. Germinal Epithelium Cortex Medulla Blood and lymphatic Vessels & nerves } Hilus Ovary 85% of Ovarian Cancers Tunica Albuginea

  16. Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Egg nest Tertiary follicle Secondary follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Atretic follicle

  17. Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Tertiary follicle Secondary follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Atretic follicle

  18. Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Tertiary follicle Secondary follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Atretic follicle

  19. Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Tertiary follicle Secondary follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Atretic follicle

  20. Primordial Follicle Primary Follicle Secondary follicle Tertiary follicle • Flattened cells surround oocyte Nucleus Ooplasma • Increase in size of oocyte andheight of follicular cells Follicular Cells Oocyte • Surrounded by severallayers of follicular cells • Follicle forms a fluidfilled cavity • Differentiation of cell layersin the follicle wall Antrum Follicle Cells

  21. Theca Externa Theca Interna Basement Membrane Granulosa Oocyte Cumulus Oophorus Tertiary Follicle Antrum (Follicular Fluid)

  22. Tertiary Follicle Theca Interna Granulosa Oocyte Cumulus Oophorus Antrum

  23. Follicular Blood Supply Theca interna cells Basement Membrane Granulosa cells Capillary network Follicular fluid

  24. Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside Serosa Submucosa Longitudinal smooth muscle layer Lumen Circular smooth muscle layer Mucosa Muscularis

  25. Functions of Oviduct • Gamete Transport • Sperm • Oocyte • Supports early embryo development • Transport of embryo to uterus

  26. Isthmus Utero-Tubal Junction Ampullary-Isthmic Junction Ampulla Infundibulum (20 - 30 cm2) Ostium Fimbria Uterine Horn Oviduct Cumulus Oophorus and Oocyte Ovary Follicle

  27. Oviduct

  28. Oviduct

  29. Oviduct Histology Mucosa • Ciliated Columnar • Nonciliated Columnar

  30. Functions of the Uterus • Muscle contractions • Transport sperm • Expel fetus and placenta • Absorption and phagocytosis • Partially prepares sperm for fertilization • capacitation • Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth • Hormone production • Prostaglandin F2a production

  31. horn Uterus (bovine) body • Bicornuate • poorly to moderately developed uterine horns • uterine body • one cervix cervix

  32. Uterus

  33. Uterine Histology Endometrium Endometrial Glands Perimetrium Myometrium

  34. Uterine Histology Mucosa Endometrial Gland Endometrium Submucosa Myometrium Perimetrium

  35. Functions of the Cervix • Transport of sperm • Barrier to sperm (species dependent) • Reservoir for sperm • Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy • Birth canal

  36. Internal Cervical Os External Cervical Os COW Uterine Body • Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue • Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation. Cervix Cow has 4-5 annular rings Vagina

  37. External Cervical Os

  38. Functions of the Vagina • Copulatory organ • Glands secrete lubrication • Birth canal • Glands secrete pheromones

  39. Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Fornix Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter Mucosa Vagina Anterior Vagina Cervix Stratified Squamous Epithelium Columnar Epithelium Urethra Submucosa Submucosa

  40. Posterior Vaginal Histology Stratified Squamous Epithelium Mucosa Submucosa

  41. Function of External Genitalia • Labia • Closes entrance to vagina • Clitoris • Female sensory organ

  42. External Genitalia of the Cow Anus Vulva Labia Clitoris Labia

  43. Phenomena For Fertility • vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth • female bedbug - no vagina • hysterectomy - if woman went to long without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses • hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male

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