INNOVATION STUDIES & - POLICY IN THE 21st CENTURY Impacts from trends in economy and society

1. INNOVATION STUDIES &-POLICY IN THE 21st CENTURYImpacts from trends in economy and society Prof. dr. ir. Ruud E. Smits 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

2. CENTRAL THEME Consequences and challenges of major trends in economy and society for innovation research and -policy 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

3. S&T, ECONOMY & SOCIETYInseparable • Innovation Systems • Seamless web • Social Construction Of Technology • Co-evolution • Mode 1 Mode 2 • Technological culture 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

4. AN EXAMPLE OF A TECHNOLOGICAL CULTURE 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

5. OUTLINE • What and why? • FourMajor Trends • Consequences for Policy & Research • To wind up 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

6. INNOVATION: WHAT & WHY? 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

7. WHAT?Inventions and innovations An innovation is a succesful application of an invention Innovation processes are complex processes of change characterised by co-evolution of scientific, technological, societal and economic systems 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

8. WHY?To innovate is difficult • Nuclear energy • Intelligence in the ‘net’ or in the PC? • Innovation in SME’s • Computers in the schools • Genetically modified food • Failing new high tech firms • Automation catastrophes 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

9. 4 MAJOR TRENDS 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

10. 1. STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN OUR ECONOMY • Shift from agriculture industry (knowledge intensive) services • Advent of Cultural Industry • Revolution in agriculture: from mass production to specialties • Increase knowledge intensive goods and services 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

11. INCREASE KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE GOODS AND SERVICES 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

12. QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES • Dynamics innovation in services • Role knowledge intensive (business) services in innovation • Role IT in the New (?) Economy • Knowledge infrastructure: agriculture, services, IT • How to quantify/measure not only input, but also (intangible aspects of) throughput and output of innovation processes? 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

13. 2. THE AGE OF THE LIFE SCIENCES • 21st century belongs to biotechnology: • revolutionary changes in health-care system • many new technology based firms (NASDAQ) • Changes in innovation processes: • public-private markets • risky product-development • many important ethical issues 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

14. THE AGE OF OF THE LIFE SCIENCESManyethical issues: • (human) Cloning • Bio-patenting of human material • Xeno-transplantation • Genetic screening & privacy • Preserving biodiversity • Research with human embryos 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

15. QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES • Dynamics innovation in life sciences • Innovating in public-private markets • How to handle ethical issues? 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

16. 3. ADVENT OF THE NETWORK SOCIETY • End of ‘top down’ steering • From discrete loosely coupled to fuzzy strongly coupled systems • Optimizing systems in stead of parts • Growing importance of:. Strategic alliances. Flexibility. Interface between organisations and systems • IT and sustainable development: driving forces and facilitators 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

17. QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES • How to innovate in chains, clusters and networks? • How to handle competition versus co-operation? • How to mobilise the creative potential of users? • New role of government: concept & instruments • Role of intermediaries 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

18. 4. CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE INFRASTRUCTURE • From supply- to demand driven • 2nd order Knowledge Infrastructure: knowledge intensive business services • Distributed Knowledge Base:. Types of knowledge. Sources of knowledge. Users of knowledge. Transfer of knowledge • From Mode 1 Mode 2 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

19. QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES • New institutions, relations, missions in research system • Role of multidisciplinary research in monodisciplinary research systems • Quality control in a non-academic setting • Role intermediaries, KIBS, 2nd order KIS • Instruments to effectively involve users • Status of researchers • New, broader set of indicators 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

20. MAJOR TRENDSTo wind up • Structural changes in the economy: • services • new sectors • knowledge intensive products and services • 21st century: life sciences • Advent of network society/economy • Changing knowledge infrastructures 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

21. CONSEQUENCES FOR INNOVATION POLICY AND - RESEARCH 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

22. CONSEQUENCES FOR INNOVATION POLICIESFurther development integral innovation policy STARTING POINTS: • Taking whole innovation system into account • Network character, important role intermediaries • Interaction with users, learning, awareness, mobilising creative potential users • Distributed nature knowledge base • Multi-layered structure: international, national, regional, local 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

23. CONSEQUENCES FOR INNOVATION POLICIESFurther development integral innovation policy ACTIONS: • Redesign roles and relations of actors and layers:. Government partner. Users & KIS interaction (intermediaries?) . Politics stimulating debate • Improving strategic intelligence: technology assessment, foresight, clusters, indicators • Re-design KIS: consequences mode1 mode 2 • New instruments: participative and communicative 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

24. INNOVATION RESEARCHCases • Innovation in services • Innovation in life sciences • IT and sustainability • IT and the (New?) Economy 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

25. INNOVATION RESEARCHTheory • Two main streams:. Processes (SCOT, evolutionary,...). Systems (Hughes, David, Freeman, Lundvall,..) • Two problems:.Seperated. Description in terms of entities in stead of systems 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

26. INNOVATION RESEARCHTheory • Role of intermediaries in innovation processes • Innovation in chains, clusters, networks and systems • Development of indicators (throughput, output, intangibles) 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

27. INNOVATION RESEARCHAnalysis and support of decision-making • Content:. Insight in potential & assesment & implementation. Technology assessment, technology foresight, clusterstudies, indicators • Process:. Support actors in innovation processes in networks . Scenario’s, gaming, group decision support systems, strategic workshops 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

28. TO WIND UP 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

29. TO WIND UP • Innovation is the work of man, but.... • ....making science and technology work is by no means easy, and..... • ....very dependent on:. the further development of integral innovation policies . deeper insight in relation between processes and systems. adequate indicators and strategic intelligence 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

30. MEDIATOR BETWEEN TECHNOLOGICAL ARTEFACTS AND USERS 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

31. INNOVATIONTo wind up • Science and technology are the work of man, and by this policy makes sense • Influencing S&T in the direction we want is not easy • Succesful innovation is far more than pure S&T 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

32. MODE 1 Academic context Disciplinary Homogeneous Hierarchical & stable Academic quality control Accountable for academic world MODE 2 Application oriented Transdisciplinary Heterogeneous Heterarchical and variable Broader quality control Accountable for society as a whole FROM MODE 1 MODE 2 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era