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Taxonomy

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Taxonomy

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    1. Taxonomy A. Definition = science of naming things & assigning them to groups

    2. Taxonomy B. Why have a classification system? 1. Single, universal name 2. Avoid confusion 3. Understand how living things are related to one another

    3. Taxonomy What are the FIVE common names of this animal?

    4. Taxonomy Mountain Lion Cougar Puma (Florida) Panther Catamount

    5. Taxonomy Wouldnt it be confusing if we didnt have a scientific name? Felis concolor = scientific name of the mountain lion Genus species

    6. Taxonomy C. Examples of classification systems: 1. Dewey decimal system library 2. Sections of store music store 3. Periodic Table of elements - Chemistry 4. Others?

    7. Taxonomy D. Binomial nomenclature System of scientific naming Developed by Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish botanist) in 1750s Two part scientific name Genus and species Must be underlined or in italics In Latin (dead language of scholars)

    8. Taxonomy E. Example : Homo sapiens (wise man) 1. Scientific name for human beings 2. Homo = genus (capitalized & underlined) 3. sapiens = species (underlined, but NOT capitalized)

    9. Taxonomy F. Definition of species = 1. breed successfully ? viable, fertile offspring 2. unique features similar to others of same species 3. have similar DNA to other species members

    10. Taxonomy G. 7 Taxa of living things ( taxon = group) Kingdom (kings) Phylum (play) Class (chess) Order (on) Family (fine) Genus (green) Species (silk)

    11. Taxonomy H. Kingdom is least specific, largest group I. Species is most specific, contains only one kind of organism

    12. Taxonomy J. An example: Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapiens

    13. K. Other Systems of Classification Cladograms

    14. K. Other Systems of Classification 2. Three Domain System

    15. Taxonomy L. What determines how something is classified? 1. DNA 2. Structure

    16. Taxonomy 3. Embryology & development

    17. Taxonomy L. There are 6 kingdoms of living things 1. Archaebacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia

    18. Taxonomy M. Definitions Prokaryotic = does not have a nucleus to contain its DNA Eukaryotic has a membranebound nucleus

    19. Taxonomy N. Unicellular Prokaryotic 1. Archaebacteria ancient bacteria 2. Eubacteria most bacteria Eukaryotic 3. Protista single-celled O. Multicellular 4. Fungi e.g. mushrooms 5. Plantae - plants 6. Animalia - animals

    20. Bacteria Unicellular, microscopic No nucleus Prokaryotic Some have no chlorophyll Saprophytic or parasitic Saprophytic: feed on dead substances Parasitic: obtain nutrients from living organisms

    21. Protists Unicellular; microscopic Nucleus present Eukaryotic Autotrophic or heterotrophic

    22. Fungi Eukaryotic Made up of hyphae Mycelium : a mass of hyphae No root, stem and leaf No chlorophyll Saprophytic or parasitic Reproduce by forming spores

    23. Animals Eukaryotic Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone: Invertebrates : without backbone Vertebrates : with backbone

    24. Invertebrates

    25. Invertebrates

    26. Invertebrates

    27. Vertebrates Divided into 5 groups: Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

    28. Fish Aquatic Cold-blooded Body covered with wet and slimy scales Streamline body for easy movement through water Fins for balance and to control movement Gills for breathing External fertilization

    29. Amphibians Cold-blooded Moist, scaleless skin Limbs present tetrapods Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs External fertilization

    30. Reptiles Cold-blooded Body covered with dry, hard scales Live on land Breathe with lungs Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

    31. Birds Warm-blooded With feathers With wings Beak for feeding Lungs for breathing Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

    32. Warm-blooded Hairs on skin Females have mammary glands for producing milk Lungs for breathing Diaphragm present Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers bodies Mammals

    33. Plants Eukaryotic Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis Autotrophic Can be divided into two groups: Non-flowering plants Flowering plants

    34. Non-flowering plants 4 groups: Algae Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms

    35. Algae Aquatic Simple multicellular plants No root, stem or leaf Contain photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis

    36. Mosses With simple leaves and stems No root with rhizoids for anchorage and absorption of water No vascular tissues Reproduce by spores Found in damp area

    37. Ferns With true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues Reproduce by spores Live in damp places

    38. Gymnosperms Reproduction by producing seeds Seeds develop in cones, not enclosed by fruits ? naked seeds Needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss

    39. Angiosperms (Flowering plants) With flowers for reproduction Seeds are produced inside the fruit (matured ovary)

    40. Two groups of flowering plants

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