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Cells in Action

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic. Cells in Action. By Paige Patterson. Prokaryotic. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, so their DNA floats around the cell. The DNA can be clumped up in an area in the cell, however it is not in an organised nucleus with a membrane.

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Cells in Action

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  1. Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells in Action By Paige Patterson

  2. Prokaryotic Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, so their DNA floats around the cell. The DNA can be clumped up in an area in the cell, however it is not in an organised nucleus with a membrane. *Prokaryotic cells usually do not have any Organelles. *Prokaryotic cells do not have Chloroplasts. *Prokaryotic cells do not have Mitochondria. *Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. *Prokaryotic cells are usually quite small. *Single celled organisms.

  3. Prokaryotic cell

  4. Eukaryotic Eukaryotic cells are ‘classic cells’ they have an organised nucleus where they keep the DNA. *They usually have Organelles. *They might have mitochondria , chloroplast or some endoplasmic reticulum. *Can get very large in some cases. *Generally a couple thousand times the size of a Prokaryotic cell.

  5. Eukaryotic cells

  6. Organelles An Organelle means ‘Little organs’. Just as the body is contains many organs, the cell also has ‘little organs’ that perform special functions.

  7. Processes Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria, which help them gain energy. Mitochondria are used in cellular respiration. This is when the matrix is filled with h2o and proteins (enzymes). The proteins take food molecules and then combine them with oxygen. The mitochondria is the only place that these can be combined. After the oxygen is added the material can be digested, keeping the cell full of energy. Aerobic respiration is when oxygen is involved. Prokaryotic cells are unicellular, without Mitochondria and are bacteria, so there are various ways for them to get energy. Some may use photosynthesis, others may be parasites getting the food source from their host.

  8. Cell division- Eukaryotes Cell division occurs for Growth, replacement and reproduction. Eukaryotic cells use Mitosis for cell division, for eukaryotes, this typically happens in the interphase. G1, S and G2. Mitosis can be described in four phases: -Prophase involves the supercoiling of the chromosomes. -Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up towards the centre if the cell. Held by spindle fibre. -Anaphase is when the spindle fibres contract, which separates the sister chromatids so that they go to opposite sides of the cell. This happens due to the pulling of the centriole, giving them a v shape. -In Telophase the spindle fibres break down and a nuclear envelope forms around the two sets of sister chromatids at each end of the cell, the chromosomes then uncoil. Then the cell splits using a process called cytokinesis. MeiosisCan also be used in some cases instead of Mitosis. Eg. In sex cells

  9. Mitosis/ Meiosis

  10. Cell division – Prokaryotes Cell division occurs for Growth, replacement and reproduction. Prokaryotes use a process called binary fission Before Binary fission can occur the cell must copy it’s genetic material and separate them to different ends of the cell, then the many types of proteins assemble at the future division site, protein of FtsZ assemble in a ring and then the other components assemble at that ring, this avoids damaging the DNA in the process of division. Next the cell halves in two producing the new cell.

  11. Binary Fission

  12. Differences *Eukaryotic Cells have a nucleus and Prokaryotic cells do not. *Prokaryotic cells don’t have as many organelles as Eukaryotic do. *Prokaryotic cells are unicellular and Eukaryotic cells are often multicellular. *Eukaryotic cells divide by Mitosis and Meiosis and Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission. *Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.

  13. Similarities *Both have DNA as their genetic material. *Both Membrane bound. *Both have Ribosomes. *Both contain Cytoplasm.

  14. Organisms that contain these cells Eukaryotes – Any cell in an animal, plant, human, fungi or Protists Pictured below- Cheek cell, Red blood cell (frog), White blood cell.. Cheek cells Red Blood cells of a frog White blood cell fighting bacteria Prokaryotes – Bacteria Eg. E.coli Bacterium, Salmonella bacterium, Bacillus bacterium. Pictured below- E.coli bacteria, Lactobacillus, E.Coli under a microscope Lactobacillus under 1000x magnification Salmonella under a light microscope

  15. Sources of images on past slide Cheek Cells- http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/microscope-lab/deck/5642097 Red Blood cells of frog - https://www.microscopeworld.com/t-microscope_images.aspx White blood cells- http://www.neutropenianet.org/what-is-neutropenia/video-explanation/ E.coli- http://www.riferesearch.org/html/e_coli_research.html Lactobacillus- http://ibg102labreports.wordpress.com/2013/03/29/lab-1-principles-and-use-of-microscope/ Salmonella- http://cnx.org/content/m47170/latest/

  16. The end Thank you

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