Julie Maillet - Mezeray ARVALIS – Institut du végétal

1. Mitigation Measures for Runoff Presentation and discussion Julie Maillet - Mezeray ARVALIS – Institut du végétal EU Stakeholder Workshop, 26 th April 2012, Brussels

2. Aims of the session • Discuss and agree on runoff mitigation measures • Collectsuggestions / commentson implementation of proposedmeasures • Addnew measures if needed

3. RunoffMitigationMeasures Mitigationmeasuretoolbox: Soil management • Reducetillageintensity • Manage tramlines • Prepareroughseedbed • Establish in-fieldbunds • Manage surfacesoilcompaction • Manage subsoilcompaction • Do contourtilling/disking Cropping practices • UseCroprotation • Do stripcropping • Use annual cover crops • Use perennial cover crops Vegetative buffers • Use in-fieldbuffers • Establishtalwegbuffers • Useriparianbuffers • Useedge-of-fieldbuffers • Manage fieldaccessareas • Establishhedges • Establish/maintainwoodlands Retention structures • Use edge-of-field bunds • Establish vegetated ditches • Establish Retention ponds/artificial wetlands Adapted use of pesticides • Adapt application timing • Optimize seasonal timing • Adapt product and rate selection Optimized irrigation • Adapt irrigation technique • Optimize irrigation timing and rate

4. Pictogram Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt.         Diff. Conc.   Infilt. Sat.   Prevent. Collect.   Efficiency

5. RunoffMitigationMeasures Soil Management Soilmanagement • Reducetillageintensity • Manage tramlines • Prepareroughseedbed • Establish in-fieldbunds • Manage surfacesoilcompaction • Manage subsoilcompaction • Do contourtilling/disking 7 7 • UseCroprotation • Do stripcropping • Use annual cover crops • Use perennial cover crops Croppingpractices • Use in-fieldbuffers • Establishtalwegbuffers • Useriparianbuffers • Useedge-of-fieldbuffers • Manage fieldaccessareas • Establishhedges • Establish/maintainwoodlands Vegetative buffers • Use edge-of-field bunds • Establish vegetated ditches • Establish Retention ponds/artificial wetlands Retention structures • Adapt application timing • Optimize seasonal timing • Adapt product and rate selection Adapted use of pesticides Optimizedirrigation • Adapt irrigation technique • Optimize irrigation timing and rate

6. SOIL MANAGEMENT • Reduced tillage, together with crop rotations and cover crops are the three core practices in conservation agriculture.

7. Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Soil Management         1 Reducetillage intensity

8. Geispitzen (68) Soil Management 1 Reducetillage intensity Tillage No tillage 2012 Example 1 Example 1 Example 2

9. Soil Management 1 Reducetillage intensity

10. Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Soil Management         2 Manage subsoil compaction

11. Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Soil Management         3 Manage surface soilcompaction Example 1 CA77 : Hoe on wheat

12. Soil Management 3 Manage surface soilcompaction Example 2 Maizederind Maize not derind

13. Soil Management 4 Prepare rough seedbed

14. Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Soil Management         4 Prepare rough seedbed

15. Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Soil Management         5 Manage tramlines Fontaine du Theil (35) G.Le Hénaff - IRSTEA 2012

16. Soil Management 6 Create bunds in the field Le Transloy (62)

17. Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Soil Management         6 Create bunds in the field

18. Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Soil Management         7 Contour tilling Source: Volker Laabs, BASF

19. RunoffMitigationMeasures Croppingpractices Soilmanagement • Reducedtillage • Managedtramlines • Roughseedbed • In-fieldbunds • Manage surfacesoilcompaction • Manage subsoilcompaction • Do contourtilling/disking 4 • UseCroprotation • Do stripcropping • Use annual cover crops • Use perennial cover crops Croppingpractices • Use in-fieldbuffers • Establishtalwegbuffers • Useriparianbuffers • Useedge-of-fieldbuffers • Manage fieldaccessareas • Establishhedges • Establish/maintainwoodlands Vegetative buffers • Use edge-of-field bunds • Establish vegetated ditches • Establish Retention ponds/artificial wetlands Retention structures • Adapt application timing • Optimize seasonal timing • Adapt product and rate selection Adapteduseofpesticides Optimizedirrigation • Adapt irrigation technique • Optimize irrigation timing and rate

20. Cropping practices

21. Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Cropping practices         1 Optimize crop rotation

22. Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Cropping practices         2 Implement strip cropping in field (across the slope) Source: Volker Laabs, BASF

23. Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Cropping practices         3 Implant annual cover crops

24. Cropping practices 3 Implant annual cover crops

25. Cropping practices Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt.        4 Establish perennial cover crops in plantations

26. RunoffMitigationMeasures Vegetative buffers Soilmanagement • Reducedtillage • Managedtramlines • Roughseedbed • In-fieldbunds • Manage surfacesoilcompaction • Manage subsoilcompaction • Do contourtilling/disking • UseCroprotation • Do stripcropping • Use annual cover crops • Use perennial cover crops Croppingpractices • Use in-fieldbuffers • Establishtalwegbuffers • Useriparianbuffers • Useedge-of-fieldbuffers • Manage fieldaccessareas • Establishhedges • Establish/maintainwoodlands Vegetative buffers 7 • Use edge-of-field bunds • Establish vegetated ditches • Establish Retention ponds/artificial wetlands Retention structures • Adapt application timing • Optimize seasonal timing • Adapt product and rate selection Adapted use of pesticides Optimizedirrigation • Adapt irrigation technique • Optimize irrigation timing and rate

27. Vegetative buffers

28. Vegetative buffers Measuresto beimplemented differenciatedregardingnature and locations 1 2 3 4 5 6

29. Vegetative buffers 123456 Establish or maintain buffer zones ❶ In field buffer ❷ Edge of field buffer ❸ Field corner buffer ❹ Talweg buffer ❺ Meadow (or wood) across a talweg ❻ Riparian buffer Source: CORPEN And alsoalongroads, pathes, around chasmes …

30. Vegetative buffers Various types Grass strip Hedges Woodland Locations Type Wild land (fromwood clearing) Source: IRSTEA

31. Vegetative buffers Types and locations 2012 In a downslope corner In field Edge of field Meadowacross a talweg Betweenfield and road Riparianforest Source: IRSTEA

32. 123456 Establish or maintain buffer zones Vegetative buffers Fontaine du Theil (35)

33. Vegetative buffers Specificity on talweg

34. Vegetative buffers Sedimentationalong talweg 2012 JMM - ARVALIS 2012 2012 JMM - ARVALIS G.Le Hénaff - IRSTEA

35. Vegetative buffers SummaryMeasuresto beimplemented Sat. Collect. Diff. Conc. Infilt. 1         Prevent. Sat. Collect. Diff. Conc. Infilt. 2          Prevent. Sat. Collect. Diff. Conc. Infilt. 3          Sat. Collect. Diff. Conc. Infilt. 4         Prevent. Sat. Collect. Diff. Conc. Infilt. 5          Prevent. Sat. Collect. Diff. Conc. Infilt. 6         

36. Diagnosistool to locate and size buffer zones 1 2 3

37. Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Vegetative buffers         7 Manage field access areas

38. RunoffMitigationMeasures Retention structures Soilmanagement • Reducedtillage • Managedtramlines • Roughseedbed • In-fieldbunds • Manage surfacesoilcompaction • Manage subsoilcompaction • Do contourtilling/disking • UseCroprotation • Do stripcropping • Use annual cover crops • Use perennial cover crops Croppingpractices • Use in-fieldbuffers • Establishtalwegbuffers • Useriparianbuffers • Useedge-of-fieldbuffers • Manage fieldaccessareas • Establishhedges • Establish/maintainwoodlands Vegetative buffers 3 • Use edge-of-field bunds • Establish vegetated ditches • Establish Retention ponds/artificial wetlands Retention structures • Adapt application timing • Optimize seasonal timing • Adapt product and rate selection Adapted use of pesticides Optimizedirrigation • Adapt irrigation technique • Optimize irrigation timing and rate

39. Retention structures (wetland buffers)

40. Collect. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Retention structures          1 Establish or maintainretention structures Locateconstructedwetlandsaccording objectives Source: ARTWET project: Adapted from Mitsch, 1992 and van der Valk and Jolly, 1992. Right: Disseminated = mitigate pesticides transfer Left: Interface Urban / Agricultural = protectfrom flood and mitigate pesticides transfer

41. slope road Retention structures 1 Establish or maintainretention structures Source: ARTWET

42. Collect. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Retention structures         1 Establish or maintainretention structures

43. RunoffMitigationMeasures Adapteduseofpesticides Soilmanagement • Reducedtillage • Managedtramlines • Roughseedbed • In-fieldbunds • Manage surfacesoilcompaction • Manage subsoilcompaction • Do contourtilling/disking • UseCroprotation • Do stripcropping • Use annual cover crops • Use perennial cover crops Croppingpractices • Use in-fieldbuffers • Establishtalwegbuffers • Useriparianbuffers • Useedge-of-fieldbuffers • Manage fieldaccessareas • Establishhedges • Establish/maintainwoodlands Vegetative buffers • Use edge-of-field bunds • Establish vegetated ditches • Establish Retention ponds/artificial wetlands Retention structures • Adapt application timing • Optimize seasonal timing • Adapt product and rate selection Adapteduseofpesticides 3 Optimized irrigation • Adapt irrigation technique • Optimize irrigation timing and rate

44. Correct PPP use

45. Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. • What to do Correct PPP use        • Select appropriate PPP, according to the time window for application • Reducepesticideconcentrations in potential runoff 1 Optimize application timing

46. 70 60 50 40 Etat de la réserve utile (en mm) 30 20 10 0 1/9 9/1 8/2 9/4 9/5 8/6 8/7 7/8 11/9 21/9 1/10 19/1 29/1 18/2 28/2 10/3 20/3 30/3 19/4 29/4 19/5 29/5 18/6 28/6 18/7 28/7 17/8 27/8 11/10 21/10 31/10 10/11 20/11 30/11 10/12 20/12 30/12 Date Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. • What to do Correct PPP use        • Applypesticides outside ofmaingroundwaterrecharge / drainflowseason • Reducepesticideconcentationsin runoffanddrainflow • Select appropriate PPP, according to the time window for application • Study PPP label carefully if application timing requirements exist 2 Optimize seasonal application timing

47. Prevent. Sat. Diff. Conc. Infilt. Correct PPP use         3 • Select appropriate PPP

48. 3 2 Farmer protection Storage 1 Good pesticide knowledge 4 Pesticides transport Filling and mixing site 5 Wastes management 7 Sprayer equipments 6 Sprayer waste management Always do not forgetmeasures to reduce point source pollution

49. RunoffMitigationMeasures Optimizedirrigation Soilmanagement • Reducedtillage • Managedtramlines • Roughseedbed • In-fieldbunds • Manage surfacesoilcompaction • Manage subsoilcompaction • Do contourtilling/disking • UseCroprotation • Do stripcropping • Use annual cover crops • Use perennial cover crops Croppingpractices • Use in-fieldbuffers • Establishtalwegbuffers • Useriparianbuffers • Useedge-of-fieldbuffers • Manage fieldaccessareas • Establishhedges • Establish/maintainwoodlands Vegetative buffers • Use edge-of-field bunds • Establish vegetated ditches • Establish Retention ponds/artificial wetlands Retention structures • Adapt application timing • Optimize seasonal timing • Adapt product and rate selection Adapted use of pesticides 2 Optimizedirrigation • Adapt irrigation technique • Optimize irrigation timing and rate

50. Irrigation