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The Last Emperor. An Empress Dies and Leaves Puyi as Emperor. Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing – Ruled over China from 1861 – 1908 when she died. She gave the throne to Puyi. The Dowager Emperess. A Little Boy to Rule China.
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An Empress Dies and Leaves Puyi as Emperor Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing – Ruled over China from 1861 – 1908 when she died. She gave the throne to Puyi. The Dowager Emperess
A Little Boy to Rule China Aixinjueluo Puyi, Emperor of China 1908 – 1924: He became emperor of the Qing Dynasty when he was 2 years and 10 months old. The Last Emperor sitting on the Imperial Throne.
Where Did the Emperor Live? The Forbidden City, Beijing – The Emperor lived here mostly in the winter.
Summer Palace, Beijing – The Emperor’s second home was here. (Over 700 acres and 3,000 structures)
Summer Palace, Beijing - Empress Cixi spent a fortune on lavish items, such as this boat rather than funding the royal navy. Japan’s navy easily defeated the Chinese boats in the Sino-Japanese War.
The Qing Dynasty Falls and a New Leader Rises Flag of the Republic of China In 1912, Dr. Sun Yat-sen became president of China once the Qing Dynasty was overthrown during the Xinhai Revolution. Puyi became the “non-ruling emperor” at this time inside the walls of the Forbidden City.
Outside the Forbidden City – China in Chaos (Warlord Era) Warlords fought over China until the 1940’s. Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Kuomintang rose out of this civil war. A Divided China
Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Kuomintang (ROC) forces. Chiang Kai-shek and Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen was the new leader of China during the regin of the many warlords. The Government was known as the Kuomintang.
MAO ZEDONG-Leader of the Chinese Communist Party Mao began to lead the Communist Party of China in a revolution against the Government –the Kuomintang.
The Generalissimo Nicknamed, “Generalissimo”, Chiang Kai-shek took over power of the Kuomintang when Sun Yat-sen died.
Chiang Kai-shek began a campaign to fight against the Communists led by Mao and he is able to unite China in 1928.
By 1934, the Communists began to evacuate to northern China- over 6,000 miles in their Long March. Their leader was Mao Zedong. 100,000 marched- only a few thousand survived.
While the Chinese were fighting each other, the Japanese began to invade! • China joins WW2 against Japan. • The Communists and the Kuomintang joined together to fight the Japanese but the Communists used this timeout to their advantage.
Remember Little Pu-Yi? Well Japan did!! • All grown up, Pu-Yi was put in place as the Emperor of Manchukuo- translated as “State of Manchuria” • The world referred to him as the Puppet Emperor.
What happens in war? • The Japanese had gained territory but failed to defend it. The Communists swept it up for their own. • They redistributed the land to the peasants. • They recruited men into their Communist Party and Army. • By the end of the war, they had gained an area in northern China with a population of nearly 100 million people with over 1 million soldiers.
Bye, Bye Chiang! • Mao is able to drive the Nationalists to southern China and he officially proclaims the People’s Republic of China. • Chiang and his followers flee to Taiwan and rule in exile- The Republic of China.
So what ever happen to little Pu-Yi? • Pu-Yi was sent to a re-education camp by the communists for 10 years!!!! • He became a gardener and lived the life of a normal Chinese citizen of that time.
So what about Tibet? • Tibet had come under various rulers throughout the centuries but by 1911, the region had asserted its independence. • 1949, People’s Republic of China-under Mao, march into Tibet and force them to sign an agreement of liberation.
Tibetan leader, His Holiness the XIV Dalai Lama, escaped to India, followed by more than 80,000 Tibetans. • Tens of thousands of Tibetans who remained were killed or imprisoned. Untold numbers of Tibetans have died as a direct result of China's policies since 1949 - through starvation, torture and execution. • Today, Tibet is an independent state under illegal occupation.
A temple at Gyantse. One of the few remaining places of worship.
Approximately 6,000 monasteries, nunneries and temples, and their contents were partially or fully destroyed from the period of the Chinese invasion and during the Cultural Revolution- a time when Mao wanted to get rid of the old Chinese ways.
The Drepung monastery outside Lhasa in its ruins after the Chinese bombardment.
And no religion too? • The repression of Tibet's culture and religion continues today. Tibetan Buddhism is an integral element of Tibetan national identity, and measures used to implement Chinese government religious policy have been harsh. • China, which promotes atheism, wants people to move away from Buddhism to undermine the Dalai Lama's influence in Tibet. There is strict control over monasteries and nunneries still. People are “re-educated" and required to denounce the Dalai Lama, and there are restrictions on religious pilgrimages. Obtaining a religious education remains extremely difficult or impossible in Tibet.
