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Radiation & Telescopes

Radiation & Telescopes. ____________ radiation: Transmission of energy through space without physical connection through varying electric and magnetic fields Example: __________. Wave Motion. Label the Wave How we see light video.

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Radiation & Telescopes

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  1. Radiation & Telescopes • ____________ radiation: Transmission of energy through space without physical connection through varying electric and magnetic fields • Example: __________

  2. Wave Motion Label the Wave How we see light video

  3. _____________: Number of wave _______that pass a given point per second __________: Time between passage of successive crests Relationship: Period = 1 / Frequency

  4. Wavelength: ___________between successive _________ Velocity: __________at which crests move Relationship: Velocity = ____________/ ________

  5. No limit on wavelengths; different ranges have different names Note opacity of atmosphere Light and Color Bill Nye Video Part I

  6. WavesThe Speed of Light in Glass Video • Water waves, sound waves, and so on, travel in a ________(water, air, …) • Electromagnetic waves need ____ ____________ • Created by accelerating _________particles

  7. What is the wave speed of electromagnetic waves? c = 3.0 x 108 m/s This speed is very large, but still finite; it can take light __________or even __________of years to traverse astronomical distances

  8. Telescopes • ____________ lens

  9. Images can be formed through reflection or refraction _____________mirror

  10. Modern telescopes are all _______________: • Light traveling through lens is refracted differently depending on ____________ • Some light traveling through lens is absorbed • Large lens can be very _________, and can only be supported at edge • A lens needs two optically acceptable surfaces; mirror needs only one

  11. Types of reflecting telescopes

  12. The Keck telescopea modern research telescope The two 10-m telescopes of the Keck Observatory. (b) Artist’s illustration of the telescope, the path taken by an incoming beam of starlight, and some of the locations where instruments may be placed. (c) One of the 10-m mirrors. (The odd shape is explained in Section 5.3.) Note the technician in orange coveralls at center. (W. M. Keck Observatory)

  13. Sunrise on Mauna Kea in June

  14. The _______Space Telescope has a variety of detectors

  15. Hubble Telescope image before and after it was fixed

  16. Here we compare the best ______________image of M100, on the left, with the ______images on the right

  17. Size • _________________ power: Improves detail • Brightness proportional to square of radius of mirror • Photo (b) was taken with a telescope twice the size of the telescope that took photo (a)

  18. Size • Resolving power: When better, can distinguish objects that are closer together • Resolution is proportional to wavelength and inversely proportional to telescope size—bigger is better!

  19. Figure 5-12. Detail becomes clearer in the Andromeda galaxy as the angular resolution is improved some 600 times, from (a) 10’, to (b) 1’, (c) 5”, and (d) 1”. (Adapted from AURA)

  20. Atmospheric ___________is due to ______movements

  21. Solutions: • Put telescopes on _____________, especially in __________ • Put telescopes in _________ • Why is it Dark at Night video

  22. ________telescopes • Similar to optical reflecting telescopes • Prime focus • ______sensitive to imperfections (due to ______wavelength); can be made very _______ • Largest radio telescope is the 300-m dish at _________

  23. ________wavelength means ________angular resolution • Advantages of radio astronomy: • Can observe ____hours a day • Clouds, rain, and snow ___________________ • Observations at an entirely ____________frequency; get totally different ____________

  24. Space Based Infrared radiation can produce an image where visible radiation is __________; generally can use optical telescope mirrors and lenses

  25. _________telescopes can also be in space; the image on the top is from the Infrared Astronomy Satellite

  26. The __________Space Telescope, an ___________ telescope, is in orbit around the Sun. These are some of its images.

  27. Ultraviolet observing must be done in ______, as the atmosphere absorbs almost ______ _____________ rays.

  28. ________imageof ___________ remnant __________rays cannot be ____________at all; images are therefore __________

  29. Full-Spectrum Coverage Figure 5-36. Multiple Wavelengths The Milky Way Galaxy as it appears at (a) _____, (b) infrared, (c) ______, (d) X-ray, and (e) ____________wavelengths. Each frame is a panoramic view covering the entire sky. The center of our Galaxy, which lies in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius, is at the center of each map. (NRAO; NASA; Lund Observatory; MPI; NASA)

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