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Chapter 5: The First Three Commandments

Chapter 5: The First Three Commandments. OUR MORAL LIFE IN CHRIST. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136). ANTICIPATORY SET After reading the story of Peter and Rebecca, respond in writing to the following question, and then be prepared to discuss it:

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Chapter 5: The First Three Commandments

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  1. Chapter 5: The First Three Commandments OUR MORAL LIFE IN CHRIST

  2. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ANTICIPATORY SET After reading the story of Peter and Rebecca, respond in writing to the following question, and then be prepared to discuss it: ❏ Did Peter do the right thing by breaking up with Rebecca?

  3. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) BASIC QUESTIONS ❏ What are sins against faith? ❏ What are sins against hope? ❏ What are sins against charity? ❏ What is the basis of the sins against religion? KEY IDEAS ❏ The five sins against faith are voluntary doubt, schism, heresy, apostasy, and atheism. ❏ The sins against hope are despair, which is the deficiency of hope, and presumption, which is the excess of hope. ❏ The sins against charity include indifference, ingratitude, lukewarmness, spiritual sloth, and hatred of God. ❏ The sins against religion are deviations from the recognition of the one, true God as the only source of supernatural life.

  4. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ❏ What is faith according to CCC 1814? It is “the theological virtue by which we believe in God and all that he has said and revealed to us, and that Holy Church proposes for our belief.” ❏ How does free will relate to the virtue of faith? God offers this gift to every person, but it is up to each individual to accept it or reject it. ❏ How is the gift of faith available to a person who has not even heard of Christ or God? Through grace, God gives every person the possibility of knowing him and accepting him.

  5. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ❏ Why is it not unreasonable to demand that a Catholic humbly accept a point of doctrine he or she cannot understand? Because the Church possesses an infallible teaching authority and because some of the content of Revelation exceeds the capacity of reason, it is reasonable to accept the Church’s direction over one’s own, limited understanding. ❏ Why is it important for an uninformed Catholic to avoid reading just anything? Even though every challenge to the Faith can be successfully answered, an uninformed Catholic could have his or her faith damaged or even destroyed by reading bad material.

  6. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) GUIDED EXERCISE Work with a partner to examine and explain the following statement: ❏ The theological virtues “have God for their origin, their motive, and their object.”

  7. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ❏ What are the two parts of the Decalogue? The first three Commandments deal with love of God. The final seven deal with love of neighbor. ❏ What is the essence of the First Commandment? It is complete love for God. ❏ Why is the obligation to love God above all things more than a mere command for Christians? Because God has loved us first and drawn near to us, we should respond to him with love.

  8. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) GUIDED EXERCISE Human tyrants often make themselves into “gods,”plastering their images everywhere, taking credit for everything good, blaming others for everything that goes wrong, and even making children sing songs about their greatness. Below is a poem written about Joseph Stalin, a Soviet dictator and one of the greatest tyrants in history. O great Stalin, O leader of the peoples, Thou who broughtest man to birth. Thou who fructifies the earth, Thou who restorest to centuries, Thou who makest bloom the spring, Thou who makest vibrate the musical chords.. . Thou, splendor of my spring, O thou, Sun reflected by millions of hearts. With this in mind, discuss the following question: ❏ Why should we worship God?

  9. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ❏ What attribute of God does the virtue of hope give us the capacity to trust? We can trust in God’s mercy. ❏ What do we trust will be the result of God’s mercy on us? We trust that God has the mercy to give us all the graces we need to reach salvation and achieve full union with him.

  10. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) GUIDED EXERCISE A think / pair / share on the following question: ❏ Why does it make sense that the First Commandment of the Decalogue is both the First and the Greatest?

  11. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ❏ What gives us the power to believe in, trust, and love God beyond our natural powers? Sanctifying grace provides the supernatural virtues of faith, hope, and charity. ❏ Besides trust in God, what does the virtue of hope require from us? It requires our voluntary efforts to use all the means at our disposal and rely strongly on God’s assistance. ❏ How does hope, which is focused on the future, help us in the present according to Pope Benedict XVI? We can accept and live the difficulties of the present if we see them as leading to a great goal in the future. Extension: To live as Christ wants involves struggle in the present. The promise of salvation makes it worthwhile to undertake this struggle.

  12. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ❏ What are sins against hope? Despair is the defect of hope, and presumption is the excess of hope. ❏ What is despair? The loss of hope in God is caused by doubting in his fidelity, care for people, or power to save a sinner. ❏ Why is despair a sin? It is a voluntary loss of hope due to pride. We subordinate God’s mercy to our own perception of the magnitude of our sin or to our own opinion of the extent of God’s love.

  13. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ❏ What is presumption? Presumption is the sin either of (a) expecting salvation without personal effort or (b) trusting solely in one’s own efforts to be saved without God’s aid. ❏ Why is presumption a sin? Either one presumes that God will save the individual without the person making an effort, or the person does not think he or she needs God’s help. Both flow out of pride. ❏ How is despair an unreasonable lack of hope and presumption an unreasonable excess of hope? Despair assumes that one’s sins are too grave to be forgiven. Presumption assumes one’s sins are too unimportant to be condemned.

  14. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) GUIDED EXERCISE A think / pair / write / share on the following question: ❏ Of the five sins against faith, which do you consider the most serious, and why?

  15. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) GRAPHIC ORGANIZER Have the students fill out the following to organize their knowledge of sins against faith.

  16. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136)

  17. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ❏ What is charity? It is the theological virtue by which a Christian loves God above all things for God’s own sake and loves his or her neighbor as himself or herself for the love of God. ❏ What does the virtue of charity demand of us? It demands love as Jesus Christ loves his Father and every human being, to the point of laying down his life. ❏ Why should we love God above all things? It is the proper response to his having loved, created, and redeemed us.

  18. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) GUIDED EXERCISE A think / pair / share on how the following is a sin of presumption: ❏ A Catholic girl decides to have sexual relations with her boyfriend on Friday night, reasoning that she will just go to Confession on Saturday to take care of the sin. GUIDED EXERCISE Read Matthew 27:3–5 and free write on the following question: ❏ Why does Judas seem to be guilty of the sin of despair?  

  19. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) Guided Exercise Complete the following graphic to take apart CCC 1818 in terms of the positive qualities hope fosters and the negative qualities hope diminishes.

  20. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136)

  21. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ❏ What is the virtue of religion? It is rendering to God the worship that is due to him. ❏ Why should we worship God? Worship of God is the natural and proper human response to God due to his exalted and transcendent dignity and for his infinite love for us. ❏ Where does the work of evangelization normally take place? It takes place in the family, in the workplace, and in social relations.

  22. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) GUIDED EXERCISE Work with a partner to identify each of the five sins against charity, define it, explain briefly why it is wrong, and provide a “symptom” of that sin. For example: ❏ Indifference Definition: A lack of commitment in the exercise of the Catholic Faith. Why it is wrong: Jesus Christ and our faith should be the first priority in our lives. Symptoms of the sin: Skipping Mass or not praying because it seems not important.

  23. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) GUIDED EXERCISE Perform a paragraph shrink on the paragraph beginning, “Which love should be given priority...” (p. 134). GUIDED EXERCISE Memorize the following mnemonic device to remember the four kinds of prayer that come under the virtue of religion: PART P = petition A = adoration R = reparation (or contrition) T = thanksgiving

  24. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) Guided Exercise Complete the following graphic to organize your knowledge about the sins of irreligion.

  25. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136)

  26. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) GUIDED EXERCISE A think / pair / share on the following question: ❏ What is behind divination according to CCC 2116? GUIDED EXERCISE A think / pair / share on the following question: ❏ Into what forms of idolatry are teenagers tempted to fall today?

  27. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ❏ What is the basis of sins against religion? The basis of sins against religion is some deviation from the recognition of God as the only source of supernatural life. ❏ What is idolatry? It is dealing with or addressing a finite being as if it were divine, including giving it our primary allegiance. ❏ Why is the Catholic veneration of images of God and the saints not a form of idolatry? Catholics show respect and honor to the person the image represents, not the image itself.

  28. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ❏ What is superstition? It is an irrational religious belief or practice founded on fear or ignorance. Various forms, such as good‑luck charms, omens, divination, and magic, are forbidden by the First Commandment as improper worship of God. ❏ What is wrong with superstition? Superstition indicates the belief that objects or practices have powers in themselves and can be used to manipulate God’s infinite wisdom and love. ❏ What is divination? It is the use of occult powers and practices in an attempt to predict the future or to obtain information that cannot be discovered through normal channels. ❏ Why are some legitimately able to know the future or read people’s souls? Some saints could foretell future events or read hearts through a special divine illumination.

  29. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ❏ If a person attempts to gain hidden information from a source other than God, with whom is he or she likely to be dealing? They are demonic powers. ❏ What is irreligion? It is disrespect and, in many instances, mockery of God’s goodness and sacred dignity. The more common sins of irreligion are tempting God, sacrilege, and simony. ❏ What is satanic worship? It is direct worship of the Devil. ❏ What is the gravity of the sin of satanic worship? It is a horrific sin to worship an evil being who is the enemy of God and who wishes to destroy the possibility of our salvation.

  30. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) CLOSURE Write a paragraph summarizing each of the sins against religion.

  31. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT ❏ Study Questions 1–15 (p. 157) ❏ Practical Exercises 1–14 (p. 158) ❏ Workbook Questions 1–26 ❏ Read “The Grandeur of God’s Name” through “Sins Against the Second Commandment” (pp. 137–141)

  32. 1. Faith, Hope, Charity, and Religion (pp. 128–136) ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT Complete Practical Exercise 11 (p. 158), analyzing the kinds of prayer found in the Our Father.

  33. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141) ANTICIPATORY SET: Amini‑lecture on the word “lord” in the Scriptures. ❏ The English word “lord” translates a number of words from the original languages of the Bible. ❏ In a general sense, “lord” is man of rank. ❏ Lord (small capitals) is used in place of the translation of the tetragramaton (four letters), referring to God’s revealed name, “I Am Who Am.” ❏ In the New Testament, “the Lord” refers to Jesus Christ.

  34. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141) BASIC QUESTIONS ❏ Why should we show respect for God’s name and for holy persons and things? ❏ What are the conditions for a valid oath? ❏ What are the conditions for a valid vow? ❏ What are the sins against the Second Commandment? KEY IDEAS ❏ The use of a person’s name reflects our attitude toward that person. Therefore, we should use names respectfully and give God’s name—including the name Jesus Christ—supreme respect. This respect extends to the Blessed Virgin Mary, the saints, and all holy things. ❏ An oath must be taken in truth, necessity, and justice. ❏ A vow requires a promise and commitment, a serious obligation, and free will in order to be valid. ❏ Sins against the Second Commandment include blasphemy and ridicule of the Faith. Blasphemy is the act of speaking contemptuously of God or his perfections. Ridicule of the Faith involves irreverent dispositions in the form of sarcastic remarks or caricatures with respect to Christian customs or moral behavior.

  35. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141) GUIDED EXERCISE A think / pair / share on the following question: ❏ What are examples of good uses of the name of God and of Jesus?

  36. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141) Guided Exercise Have the students complete the following graphic to organize their knowledge of the valid conditions for an oath.

  37. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141)

  38. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141) ❏ What is the difference between an oath and a vow? One takes an oath to another person with God as the witness, while one makes a vow to God with another person as the witness. ❏ What did Christ demand of his followers in regard to oaths? He demanded that his followers go beyond the Second Commandment’s prohibition of swearing falsely and avoid all unnecessary oaths. We should have enough integrity that our “yes” or “no” is sufficient proof of the truth of our words. ❏ What kinds of oaths should be refused? When an unjust authority demands it or when the oath requires evil action, an oath should be refused. ❏ What is an example of when the fulfillment of a vow is not binding? A vow to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land as long as my health is good would cease to be binding if my health declined.

  39. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141) ❏ What is God’s revealed name in the Old Testament? God’s revealed name is “I Am Who Am.”This is written as Yhwh (Yahweh or Jehovah). ❏ Why is it a sin to use God’s name carelessly or irreverently? This “use” reflects a careless or irreverent attitude toward God himself. ❏ How have Jews historically shown supreme reverence for God’s revealed name? They refused to speak the name out loud.

  40. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141) GUIDED EXERCISE A think / pair / share: ❏ Why is the common expression “swear to God” usually not an oath, and why should it be avoided?

  41. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141) Guided Exercise Complete the following graphic to organize your knowledge of the valid conditions for a vow.

  42. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141)

  43. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141) ❏ What is ridicule of the Faith? It is irreverent dispositions in the form of sarcastic remarks or ridiculous caricatures with respect to Christian customs or moral behavior. ❏ What are some ways Christians should respond to ridicule of the Faith? They should make an act of contrition, reparation, or adoration, write letters to editors, compose editorial pieces, sign petitions, take part in demonstrations, and other such activities. Our responses should always be peaceful and reasonable. ❏ What is blasphemy? It is the act of speaking contemptuously of God or his perfections or contempt directed against any of the saints. It is an intrinsically evil act.

  44. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141) GUIDED EXERCISE Work with a partner to list the various forms of blasphemy identified in CCC 2148.

  45. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141) CLOSURE Write a paragraph on the sins against the Second Commandment and how Christians should respond to attacks on the name of God or the Faith.

  46. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141) HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT ❏ Study Questions 16–26 (p. 157) ❏ Practical Exercises 15–21 (p. 159) ❏ Workbook Questions 27–51 ❏ Read “Why is It Necessary to Pray?” through “The Battle of Prayer” (pp. 141–145)

  47. 2. The Holy Name of God (pp. 137–141) ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT Crude language is uncultured but is not in itself sinful. Obscene language is sinful but not blasphemous. Blasphemy is contemptuous speech against holy persons or things. Many people have developed the habit of using blasphemous language. Work with a partner to come up with a list of things you could do to change this habit. For example, make an act of adoration, contrition, or reparation each time you hear or use blasphemous language.

  48. 3. Lord, Teach Us to Pray (pp. 141–145) ANTICIPATORY SET Choose a Scriptural passage and use it as the basis of the class’s opening prayer, leading your students through the four steps of the lectiodivinabelow.

  49. 3. Lord, Teach Us to Pray (pp. 141–145) BASIC QUESTIONS ❏ Why is it necessary to pray? ❏ What kind of dialogue is prayer? ❏ What are the major difficulties in prayer? KEY IDEAS ❏ Prayer is a two‑way dialogue between God and each person. ❏ Prayer is a dialogue with God that initiates the eternal communion the soul is called to and for which it longs. ❏ Difficulties in prayer include lack of time, distractions, and spiritual dryness.

  50. 3. Lord, Teach Us to Pray (pp. 141–145) ❏ What ultimately happens through prayers? One enters into communion with the Blessed Trinity. ❏ How often should a Christian pray? One should “pray constantly.” ❏ Why is the “Our Father” called “the Lord’s Prayer”? Jesus Christ, the Lord, taught it to his disciples. ❏ Why is the “Our Father” a perfect prayer? It sums up the entire Gospel of Jesus Christ.

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