HarvestPlus Impact and Policy Research in LAC and Brazil 2013-2018

1. HarvestPlus Impact and Policy Research in LAC and Brazil2013-2018 HarvestPlus: Ekin Birol, Manfred Zeller, Monica Jain, Dorene Asare-Marfo and Keith Lividini CIAT: Carolina Gonzalez and Salomon Perez Embrapa: Flavio Avila, Alcido Wander and Maria Geovania Lima Manos IFPRI: Dan Gilligan and Alan de Brauw

2. H+ Impact and Policy Portfolio IMPACT MAXIMISE MEASURE • Varietal adoption • Consumer acceptance • Value chain/seed systems • Farmer field day evaluation • Ex ante impact assessment • Effectiveness • Farmer feedback • Impact assessment • Adoption • Consumption • Nutrition POLICY • Linking quality and health • Portfolio analysis

3. Overall portfolio in LAC/Brazil • Where to invest? • Prioritisation exercise • Micronutrient portfolio • Opportunities map • Informing delivery and breeding • Varietal adoption studies • Consumer acceptance studies • Farmer field day evaluation • Measuring impact • Farmer feedback studies • Impact assessment • Impact evaluation/effectiveness • Policy studies

4. 1. Where to invest? 1) Systematic research on prioritization of countries for investment • Collect and analyze country level data on • DALYs lost to VAD and IDA • Percentage agricultural land area allocated to [crop] • Consumption per capita (kg) – food supply of [crop] • Ratio of import to production for [crop] • Production (per capita) of [crop] • Percentage allocated to feed (livestock) for [crop] • Fortification and supplementation programs existing in the country • Responsible: Manfred -Salomon • Support:, Dorene, Ekin, Flavio, Carolina • Year: 2012-2013

5. 2. Informing delivery and breeding 1) Varietal adoption studies to investigate (a) • Total land area dedicated to the crop in that geographical location • Land area dedicated (average across household in the geographical location) • Output and its allocation across uses (consumed, sold, saved as seed, used as feed, postharvest loss) • Source of planting material (seed or grain recycled as seed) and original source, frequency of replacement (same variety or different variety) • Traits – consumption, production and marketing/processing traits farmers look for

6. Informing delivery and breeding 1) Varietal adoption studies to investigate (continued) (b) • Processing, food product and storage practices • Output sold, where, at what price and to whom • Input availability, use and costs • Agro-ecological, market and household level factors affecting farmers’ choice of varieties • Household age and gender composition • Education level of the household • Household dynamics on decision making and labor input for the crop– gender aspect • Income and assets • Access to input subsidies and credit • Membership in formal and informal farmers’ groups, other social groups, churches • Sources of information about 1) health/nutrition 2) agricultural technologies

7. Informing delivery and breeding 1) Varietal adoption studies to investigate (continued) (c) • Dietary diversity (including fortified food) and how frequently/how much they eat food made with crop • Current knowledge about micronutrients • Crop cultivation patterns and seasonality: harvesting, consumption, processing, buying, selling etc. • Supplementation at the household level • General country/region fortification and supplementation programmes

8. Informing delivery and breeding • How to get all this information? 1. Desk review to identify gaps • Secondary data sources • Literature review • Other projects • Data collection in some of the countries

9. Informing delivery and breeding 2) Consumer acceptance studies • Using organoleptic tests/sensory evaluation (Expert panel and Consumers • Eliciting WTP (discount/premium) with revealed preference elicitation methods • Treatments for labeling/information

10. Informing delivery and breeding 3) Farmer field day evaluation studies • Farmer interviews during farmer field days • Interview farmers with a structured survey instrument to understand • their evaluation of various production and consumption traits of biofortified varieties vsconventional varieties • Their intention to adopt given different price levels for planting material • For identification of farmers field days where we can conduct these studies • Carolina/Salomon will check with CIAT breeders • Alcido/Flavio will check with Embrapa breeders • These studies cost around $10,000 each

11. 3. Measuring impact • Farmer feedback studies • Interview a random sample of households who received/bought biofortified planting material to understand adoption, area cultivated, consumption and farmers feedback on the varieties and delivery method used

12. Measuring Impact 2) Impact assessment studies • Random sample of households in areas where a high density of delivery have occurred • Study participation (having received the variety) and diffusion and program effectiveness/delivery strategy • Study adopters’ feedback on production and consumption characteristics for all varieties

13. Measuring Impact 3) Impact evaluation/nutrition & delivery effectiveness • Randomised control trials around the delivery of varieties with full target levels of micronutrients • Given the crop/country level micronutrient targets are not yet specified, we will wait to hear from nutritionists about these • Alcido to keep an eye on high zinc rice varieties which will be released in Brazil (and delivered in MA) in 2015, though currently target level is unknown

14. 4. Policy studies • Policy studies investigating the • Relationship between diet quality and nutritional status of children • Relationship between household diet quality and child diet quality • Relationship between income and different child diet quality measures • Linkages between individual micronutrients (Vitamin A, Iron and Zinc) and diet quality • Diet diversity gap index (similar to poverty gap index) • Year: 2013-2014

15. Planned studies 2012-2018

16. Planned studies 2012-2018 cont’d