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Section 1.3: Formation, Mining, and Use of Minerals

Section 1.3: Formation, Mining, and Use of Minerals. Different minerals form at different locations in Earth’s crust Different environments will have different physical and chemical properties This will determine the properties of the mineral.

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Section 1.3: Formation, Mining, and Use of Minerals

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  1. Section 1.3: Formation, Mining, and Use of Minerals • Different minerals form at different locations in Earth’s crust • Different environments will have different physical and chemical properties • This will determine the properties of the mineral

  2. Section 1.3: Formation, Mining, and Use of Minerals • Limestones • Dissolved materials carried into water bodies; crystallize on bottom; calcite • Evaporating Salt Water • Minerals are left behind & crystallize; gypsum & halite • Metamorphic Rocks • Changes in temperature, pressure, or chemical composition • Hot-water Solutions • Water heated by magma; dissolved metals crystallize ; gold, copper, sulfur • Pegmatites • Magma that moves up to surface & has cooled in tear-drop shape • Plutons • Magma the cools slowly below surface; mica, feldspar, megnetite

  3. Surface Mining • Used when deposits are near the surface • Open-pits (Quarries) • Strip Mines

  4. Subsurface Mining • Used when mineral deposits are located deep within Earth’s surface • Types • Drift – deposit in the side of a mountain • Slope – shaft is sloped or angled • Shaft – vertical tunnel (shaft) to access mineral

  5. Mine Reclamation • Returning land used for mining to original state

  6. Uses of Metallic Minerals • Conductors • Strong, rust-resistant metals • Aircraft, autos, computers, electronics, etc.

  7. Uses of Nonmetallic Minerals • Good insulators (electricity) • Building materials (especially calcite) • Glassmaking • Computer chips

  8. Uses of Gemstones • Valued for rarity, beauty, and durability • Diamonds, emeralds, rubies, sapphire, etc.

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