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Chapter 5 Ad Astra Per Aspera

Chapter 5 Ad Astra Per Aspera. Kansas Becomes a State. People to Know. Black Kettle p.116 Cyrus K. Holliday p.106 John James Ingalls p.100 James Lane p.108 Abraham Lincoln. Julia Louisa Lovejoy p.113 Sterling Price p.112 William C. Quantrill p.111 Charles Robinson p.100.

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Chapter 5 Ad Astra Per Aspera

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  1. Chapter 5Ad Astra Per Aspera Kansas Becomes a State

  2. People to Know • Black Kettle p.116 • Cyrus K. Holliday p.106 • John James Ingalls p.100 • James Lane p.108 • Abraham Lincoln • Julia Louisa Lovejoy p.113 • Sterling Price p.112 • William C. Quantrill p.111 • Charles Robinson p.100

  3. Words to Understand • Amend • Armory • Broadside • Charter • Guerrilla • Inalienable • Ordinance • Reminiscence • Representative government • Revenue • Secede • Segregate • Squatter • Veto

  4. Kansas Becomes the 34th State: Rough Start Broadside from 1869 • January 29, 1861 • Drought • Crops failed • Drinking water shortage • Kansas Relief Committee • Broadsides and flyers • Financial Trouble • "DROUTHY KANSAS," WORRALL'S FAMOUS CARTOON OF 1869.FROM A BROADSIDE PUBLISHED BY THE KANSAS FARMER IN 1869 OR 1870.

  5. Establishing a State Government:Ad Astra Per Aspera • Ad Astra Per Aspera • Latin • “to the stars through difficulty.” • John James Ingalls • Secretary to 1st KS Senate • Wyandotte Constitutional Delegate • State Seal

  6. The State Constitution • Bill of Rights • Considered inalienable • Are Guaranteed • “all political power in inherent in the people” • All have an important role in government • All have a responsibility to participate • Can be amended (living document) • Also different from U.S. Const. • Slavery (6yrs.) • Women’s voting rights (61 yrs.)

  7. The Rules of State Government Today • Federal, State, and county/city • 3 Branches KS and U.S. government • Executive • Legislative • Judicial

  8. Executive Branch • Administer of laws passed by legislature • Headed by Governor who serves a limited term • Max two, four year terms • Includes Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General, and State Treasurer as well as other agency directors • Governor can approve or veto bills • Collects Taxes (Revenue)

  9. Legislative Branch • Make laws (legislature) • Two chambers: House of Representatives and Senate • A bill must pass both chambers to be written into law. • Senate has 40 members; they serve four year terms • House of Representatives has 125 members; they serve 2 year terms • 2/3 vote to over turn an Executive Veto

  10. Judicial Branch • Interpret laws and settle disputes between people • Hear criminal cases where the state brings charges against a person • Hear civil cases between two parties • Money • Property rights • Juries are very important to the court system • State Supreme Court has 7 justices appointed by the governor

  11. Kansas and the Civil War:James Lane’s Frontier Guard • KS Senator • Helped to defend D.C. • Threat of Secession • Fort Sumter • Maryland and Virginia • Speeches • 100 Men • Protected Lincoln • East Room • Union Troops returned

  12. Kansans at War:African American Soldiers • 30,000 men between 18-45 • 20,000 enlisted • Not all from KS • Nearly 8,500 died • Highest death rate of any state in Union • African Americans • Start: not allowed in military • Year 3: equal pay • 185,000 men volunteered • 38,000 died

  13. Kansans at War:African American Soldiers Cont. • African Americans • KS 1st to enlist the men • James Lane recruited them • 1st Kansas Colored Infantry • 1st reg. to engage in battle • 225 vs. 500 • 1st to fight along side white soldiers • Battle of Honey Springs

  14. The Civil War Comes to Kansas:Quantrill’s Raid on Lawrence • Guerrilla tactics (KS and MO) • Quantrill’s Raid • Lawrence Aug. 21, 1863 • William C. Quantrill • Confederate guerrilla • 400 men attack at 5:00am • Shot every man they saw and windows • White new recruits • African American new recruits • Determined to burn down Lawrence • Killed 140 Men and boys 1 Confederate

  15. Battle of Mine Creek • “Order No. 11” • Cleared all settlers out of four western MO counties • Prevent more raids • Site of Battle for Mine Creek • General Sterling Price • Confederate • Ordered to take MO, and if needed retreat through KS taking supplies

  16. Battle of Mine Creek Cont. • Was forced to retreat • Supplies slowed retreat • Union Caught up • 2,500 Union vs. 7,000 Confederates • Union won in less than an hour • Abandoned/destroyed supplies and fled.

  17. Women and the Civil War • No military service • Organized relief efforts • Made blankets and uniforms • Raised money • Year 2 of civil war • United States Sanitary Commission • Recruited nurses • Donated supplies • Food • Medicines • bandages

  18. Frontier Forts in Kansas:The Forts and the Trails • Frontier Forts • Keep peace as settlers go west • Mostly Protected Americans, not Indians • Santa Fe Trail • 1821 • Trade between U.S. and Mexico • Invaded some Indian hunting grounds • Military sent to protect the trade route

  19. Frontier Forts in Kansas:The Forts and the Trails Cont. • Fort Leavenworth • Oldest active army post west of Mississippi River • NE KS • To far away to protect wagon trains • So Fort Larned was established • Better position to protect Oregon trail

  20. The Forts and Indian Relocation • Indians were moved to KS • Duties at Fort Leavenworth changed • Protected Indian lands from settlers • Kept peace among Indian tribes • Fort Scott established to help

  21. The Army and Manifest Destiny • Manifest Destiny = Armies role changes • Invading force • Conquer more land + need for supplies = More Forts • Fort Riley established

  22. The Civil War and the Frontier Forts • Soldiers stationed at the forts left • Forts manned by volunteers • Felt less obligation to Fed. Gov’t • More aggressive toward American Indians. • Americans that lived on Indian lands were called squatters. (Little House on the Prairie)

  23. Tensions Increase: Medicine Lodge Peace Treaties • U.S. wanted Peace • Reservations • Indians completely dependant on Americans • Not what the Indians wanted • U.S. and 5,000 Indians met at Medicine Lodge • Satanta • Kiowa Chief • Asked why they should trust the government • Called building of homes “nonsense” • U.S. Promises • Protection • Schools • Farming tools • Food • Opened the area for American settlement and railroad

  24. Tensions Increase: Medicine Lodge Peace Treaties Cont. • Treaty did not bring peace • Some tribes went to reservations some did not • Treaties and promises were broken • Fighting continues.

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