It’s All Gr k to Me 700 B.C. to 145 B.C.

1. It’s All Gr k to Me700 B.C. to 145 B.C.

2. Section 1: City-States • Polis – “city-state” • Geographic & political center of Greek Life • City was in the inner & farms on the outer

3. Acropolis • Built on an Acropolis: fortified(military) limestone hill

4. Agora • Bottom of hill was the agora: open marketplace • Political & legal center, shops, water for the women

5. Running the City-States • Own government & laws • Contained 5,000 to 10,000 citizens • Only males from Greece could vote • Citzens could vote, own property, and hold gov. positions • Polis gave them sense of belonging and civic & personal honor

6. Section 2: Sparta • Aristocrats (nobles) took over gov. • Led by 2 Kings who lead the army and conducted religious services • Aristocrats = only Spartan citizens

7. Spartans believed in totalitarianism Gov. that uses force & power to rule Helots: enslaved people who farmed the land Perioeci: merchants and artisans who lived in villages Neither enslaved ppl nor citizens Helots & Perioeci outnumber aristocrats Aristocrats trained for army & war Helots and Perioeci

8. Spartan Way of Life • Goal: to be militarily strong • Did not believe in change b/c it would weaken way of life • Newborns check to see if they were healthy • Men • At 7, sent to military camps to be educated & to train for fighting • Strict Rules: silence, 1 piece of clothing, slept outdoors, measured weight • Expected to marry at 20 & Became hoplites • Left army at 60 • Women • Had more freedom then other women in Greece • Had public schooling – read & write • Owned land • Loved sports such as wrestling & racing • Told men to come home w/ their shields or on them

9. Section 3: Athens • 750 BC – Set up an oligarchy • 594 – Solon made plans to change gov. • Made constitution: set of principles & rules for ruling • Broke power of rich, established an assembly, offered citizenship, and trade • 508 – Spartans overthrown by Cleisthenes • Created 1st democratic society

10. Democratic Constitution • Freedom of speech • Opened assembly • Council of Five Hundred • Handled daily business • Chosen by lot • Required to educate sons • At 18, took an oath of citizenship

11. Daily Life in Athens • Young children would read Aesop’s fables • Youth were to develop artistic and intellectual talents • Men • Boys from wealthy families would go to school • Age 12: Phys. Ed. was most important • 18 to 20: went to military training school • Clothing: wool tunics or himation • Hair: Short (young) & Long (old) • Did the shopping

12. Women • Only did physical activities at festivals • No schooling • Clothing: long wool or linen tunics • Hair: Long but pulled up in bun or pony tail • Marriages were arranged • Confined to certain part of the house • Jobs: cook, weave, raise children • No social life w/ husband • Homes • Large, airy luxurious buildings made of mud brick

13. Persian Wars • 545 B.C. – Persia conquered Ionia • Ionians w/help from mainland Greece revolted against the Persians • Persians won • Darius (Persian King) wanted to continue to punish the Greeks

14. Battle of Marathon • 490 – Darius & Persians sailed to Marathon • They then decided to sail to Athens • Athenians decided to surprise attack the Persians • Ran down the hills of Marathon • Athenians defeated the Persians • Afraid that the Persians would still come to Athens after, Athenians sent Pheidippides to tell them: “Nike”

15. Battle of Thermopylae • Athenians triremes built • Made strong navy • Xerxes (New King of Persia) brings his large army back to Northern Greece • Sparta & Athens teamed together • Met the Persians at the narrow pass

17. For the first few days, the Greeks esp. the Spartans held off the Persians • While doing so, people of Athens were told to flee • A Greek traitor helped the Persians through the mountain pass • Persian were able to surround the Greeks • 300 Spartans and 700 Greeks stayed to fight to the bitter end • 1 Spartan survived the war • Athens burned

18. Battle of Salamis • Persians moved toward Athens • Greek army went to Salamis & waited for Persians • Themistocles tricked the Persians • Caused Persians to come through narrow pass • Difficult: Too many ships & large ships • Greeks destroyed Persians

20. Battle of Plataea • Xerxes went back to Persia • ½ his army stayed in N. Greece • They decided to go South • Greeks crushed the Persians

21. Delian League & Athenian Empire • Delian League: protective group head-quarted on the island of Delos • Most city-states joined – Sparta did not

23. Peloponnesian War • 433 BC – Athens aligned themselves with Corinth a Sparta ally • Sparta accused Athens of aggression & threatened war • 431 – War starts when Sparta allies attack Athens’ ally • 1st Phase – 10 years of fighting • 2nd Phase – Nicias – a truce of 6 years • 3rd Phase – Athens lost attack on Sicily • Ended with a crushing defeat of Athens by Sparta • Sparta set up a King in Athens • Athens was never again as strong even though they would revolt and set up a democracy once again

24. Decline of City-States • Lost sense of community • Money issues • Harsh rule by the Spartans and then Thebes