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Module – Who am I? Who are you?. Lesson 3 – Forging an identity. How to Navigate Tutorial. Click on hyperlinks within each slide first. Click on to move to the next slide. Click on to move to the previous slide. Click on the icon to return to the index.
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Module – Who am I? Who are you? Lesson 3 – Forging an identity.
How to Navigate Tutorial Click on hyperlinks within each slide first. Click on to move to the next slide. Click on to move to the previous slide. Click on the icon to return to the index.
Lesson 3 – Forging an identity • A Summary of Models • Tripartite Model of Personality Development • African American Identity Development • White Identity Development • Multi-Racial Identity Development • Gay/Lesbian Identity Development • Transgender Identity Development • The Layering Effect • A Critique of the Model Approach • References
Tripartite Model of Personality Development, African American Identity Development, White Identity Development, Multi-Racial Identity Development, Gay/Lesbian Identity Development, Transgender Identity Development A Summary of Models
Describe the individual, group, and universal levels of the Tripartite Model of Personality development as they relate to the Asian saying, “All individuals, in many respects, are (a) like no other individuals, (b) like some individuals, and (c) like all other individuals.” Objective #1
Tripartite Model ofPersonality Development • Individual • “We are all unique” • Group • Shapes how we see ourselves and others • Universal • “We are all the same”
African AmericanIdentity Development • Pre-encounter • Internalization of society’s attitudes • Encounter • Event forces re-evaluation • Immersion/emersion • Reversal • Internalization • Secure about identity Self-hatred [click] Self-acceptance
White Identity Development • Assumptions • Racial attitudes are central part of identity • Contact Status • Unaware of racism / discrimination / privilege / prejudices • Hold opposing beliefs • White is superior / Other is inferior • Race and culture don’t matter • Healthy identity requires abandonment of these racial attitudes
White Identity Model continued • Disintegration • Reintegration • Pseudoindependence • Immersion • Autonomy Racist Attitudes [click] Non-Racist Attitudes
Multi-Racial Identity (Poston, 1990) Multi-Racial Identity (Root, 2004) • Personal identity • Choice of a group • Enmeshment / denial • Appreciation • Integration • Resolution of Process • Accept assigned identity • Identify w/ all groups • Identify w/ single group • Identity w/ “mixed” or new group Multi-Racial Identity Development
Describe the stages of “coming out” as experienced by gays and lesbians, according to Cass (1979) model Objective #7
The “Coming Out” Process • Confusion • Comparison • Tolerance • Acceptance • Pride • Synthesis
Discuss existing models of developing a transgender identity Objective #10
Transgender Identity Development • Exiting a Traditional Gendered Identity • Developing a Personal Transgender Identity • Developing a Transgender Social Identity • Becoming a Transgender Offspring • Developing a Transgender Intimacy Status • Entering a Transgender Community Fluidity [click]
Summarize the complex identity process for multiracial and layered identities Objective #5
The Layering Effect • “triple jeopardy” • Belong to many groups, although one may be more important • Dependent upon the situation and the person Racial Salience [click]
Criticize the issues that arise from using models to describe identify formation Objective #9
A Critique of the Model Approach • Assumes a linear progression • Not all minorities begin with idealization of whiteness • Assumes the final stage is the “healthiest” • Generational differences possible • Overemphasis on reactions to racism • Lacking empirical evidence
GLBT Issues • Sampling Issues • Adult populations (introspective experiences) • “Out” GLBT population • Great variation of transgender community • Limitations • Models for gays and lesbians (not heterosexuals) • Little research on bisexual and transgender identities
References Bilodeau, B. and Renn, K. (2005). Analysis of LBGT Identity Development Models and Implications for Practice. Retrieved September 20, 2009 from https://www.msu.edu/~renn/BilodeauRennNDSS.pdf. Mio, J.S., Barker, L., & Tumambing, J. (2009). Multicultural Psychology: Understanding Our Diverse Communities (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Pardo, T. (2008, March). Growing Up Transgender: Research and Theory. Retrieved September 20, 2009 from http://www.actforyouth.net/documents/GrowingUpTransPt1_March08.pdf.