GREECE

1. GREECE

2. The Geography of Greece

3. Geography of Greece • ¾ is Mountains; poor farming land • Ionian, Aegean, and Meditteranean Seas • Very poor in Natural Resources; Trade is Crucial • Roads not good; 7 Days to go 60 Miles • Grew Grain, Grapes, Olives • Now town more than 85 miles from coast • Size of Greece= Size of State of New York • 1st people arrive 7,000 B.C.

4. Archaic Greece: 1650 BCE - 700 BCE

5. Bronze Age Greece

6. Crete: Minoan Civilization(Palace at Knossos)

7. Notes over Minoans • Discovered in 1900 by Sir Arthur Evans • Worshiped the Bull • Myth of the Minotaur- Half man, half bull • Lived mainly on the Island of Crete • Eventually taken over by the Myceneans • Ca. 1620-1450 Volcanic Eruption on Island of Thera destroyed Minoan Cities. Never recover

8. Minoans Continued • Greek Philosopher Plato creates the story of Atlantis based off of this myth. • Involved in Trojan War with Troy ( Town on the Western Coast of Asia Minor) • Following the Trojan War, Myceneans will collapse.

9. Knossos: Minoan Civilization

10. Minoan Civilization

11. The Mycenaean Civilization

12. Notes over Myceneans • Come around about 2,000 B.C. • Ruled by Warrior-Kings; lived extravagant lives • People heavily taxed • Adopted Minoans • Took part on Trojan War around 1200 B.C.

13. Notes over Dorians • No Written Records. • Called the Greek Dark Ages • 1150-750 B.C. • Economy and Lifestyle suffer greatly.

14. Homer: The “Heroic Age”

15. The Mask of Agamemnon

16. "Hellenic" (Classical) Greece: 700 BCE - 324 BCE

17. Phidias’ Acropolis

18. The Acropolis Today

19. The Agora

20. Types of Greek Governments • Governments will vary from City-State to City-State due to geography. • Monarchy- Rule by King • Oligarchy- Rule by more than one powerful male. • Tyranny- Rule taken by force and usually lost by force. Appeal to the poor. • Democracy- Rule by the people who vote.

21. Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

22. Athens NEED TO KNOW INFO • Located North of Sparta; opposites • Degraded the Spartans for lacking curiosity and imagination • Democracy is born here; freedom to think • Only Adult Free males were citizens; only ones who could vote • 1/3 were slaves • Women were housewives

23. More on Athens Government • Draco writes 1st Law Code- 621 B.C. • Solon issues reforms but neglects the poor. • Pisistratus was Athen’s 1stTyrant. Helped the poor. 546 B.C. • Cleisthenes follows with the Council of 500- Men that were chosen at random from town to propose laws; only 1/5 of population was eligible……..1st Democracy though!!!

24. ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

25. SPARTA

26. SPARTA Helots Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

27. THE FIGHTING PHALANX

28. Sparta NEED TO KNOW INFO • Powerful Military State • 1st conquest was conquering the Messinians and making them slaves. (HELOTS) • Ruled by 3 Groups: Assembly- Elected Free Males and Council of Elders- 5 men that carried out laws • 2 Kings governed the Military • Law system set up by Lycurgus; told them laws were form Crete. Disappears and Spartans stuck in that law code. • Only ruling and working class were citizens • No Gold or Silver coins; only iron to keep Spartans from trade with other Greeks

29. More on SPARTA • Important Ages of Spartan boys • 7- went to live in military barracks; beaten, taught to steal, taught battle tactics • 20- could marry; but lived at barracks still • 30- could move out of barracks • 60- could retire from military • Spartan women were expected to exercise and compete. Sacrificed all to the city-state. Married at 14 usually • 600 B.C. – 371 B.C. Sparta was most powerful • Valued duty, strength and discipline • Lost out on individuality, beauty, and freedom.

30. Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

31. Persian Wars: Famous Battles • Marathon (490 BCE) • 26.2 miles from Athens • 6,400 Persians die; 192 Athenians • Phedipidas runs back to Athens. • Thermopylae (480 BCE) • 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass • Xerxes avenging father’s failure • Salamis (480 BCE) • Athenian navy victorious • Persian ships are beached; but burn Athens

32. Golden “Age of Pericles”:460 BCE – 429 BCE

33. Peloponnesian Wars

34. Peloponnesian War • Sparta declares war 431 B.C. • Cause was over Delian League and Athens thinking they were running things. • Sparta better on Land; Athens better at Sea • Sparta laid seige to many City-States of Athens • Sparta attacks Athens; Pericles orders all Athenians behind city walls. Plague breaks out killing 2/3. Pericles included. • Athens surrenders 404 B.C. ; Golden Age over

35. The Parthenon

36. over Statue of Zeus at Olympia

37. 110 ft. High Collussus at Rhodes

38. Temple to Artemis

39. Athens: The Arts & Sciences • DRAMA (tragedians): • Aeschylus- The Persians • Sophocles- Antigone • Euripides- The Trojan Women • THE SCIENCES: • Pythagoras- a2 + b2 = c2 • Democritus  all matter made up of small atoms. • Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”

40. I swear by Apollo Physician and Asclepius and Hygieia and Panaceia and all the gods and goddesses, making them my witnesses, that I will fulfil according to my ability and judgment this oath and this covenant:To hold him who has taught me this art as equal to my parents and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine, and to regard his offspring as equal to my brothers in male lineage and to teach them this art - if they desire to learn it - without fee and covenant; to give a share of precepts and oral instruction and all the other learning to my sons and to the sons of him who has instructed me and to pupils who have signed the covenant and have taken an oath according to the medical law, but no one else.I will apply dietetic measures for the benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgment; I will keep them from harm and injustice. I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody who asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect. Similarly I will not give to a woman an abortive remedy. In purity and holiness I will guard my life and my art.I will not use the knife, not even on sufferers from stone, but will withdraw in favor of such men as are engaged in this work.Whatever houses I may visit, I will come for the benefit of the sick, remaining free of all intentional injustice, of all mischief and in particular of sexual relations with both female and male persons, be they free or slaves.What I may see or hear in the course of the treatment or even outside of the treatment in regard to the life of men, which on no account one must spread abroad, I will keep to myself, holding such things shameful to be spoken about.If I fulfil this oath and do not violate it, may it be granted to me to enjoy life and art, being honored with fame among all men for all time to come; if I transgress it and swear falsely, may the opposite of all this be my lot.

41. Hippocratic Oath—Modern VersionI swear to fulfill, to the best of my ability and judgment, this covenant:I will respect the hard-won scientific gains of those physicians in whose steps I walk, and gladly share such knowledge as is mine with those who are to follow.I will apply, for the benefit of the sick, all measures [that] are required, avoiding those twin traps of overtreatment and therapeutic nihilism.I will remember that there is art to medicine as well as science, and that warmth, sympathy, and understanding may outweigh the surgeon's knife or the chemist's drug.I will not be ashamed to say "I know not," nor will I fail to call in my colleagues when the skills of another are needed for a patient's recovery.I will respect the privacy of my patients, for their problems are not disclosed to me that the world may know. Most especially must I tread with care in matters of life and death. If it is given me to save a life, all thanks. But it may also be within my power to take a life; this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty. Above all, I must not play at God.I will remember that I do not treat a fever chart, a cancerous growth, but a sick human being, whose illness may affect the person's family and economic stability. My responsibility includes these related problems, if I am to care adequately for the sick.I will prevent disease whenever I can, for prevention is preferable to cure.I will remember that I remain a member of society, with special obligations to all my fellow human beings, those sound of mind and body as well as the infirm.If I do not violate this oath, may I enjoy life and art, respected while I live and remembered with affection thereafter. May I always act so as to preserve the finest traditions of my calling and may I long experience the joy of healing those who seek my help.

42. Great Athenian Philosophers • Socrates (469-399 B.C.) • Know thyself! • The Unexamined life is not worth living. • Only Know his teachings because of Plato • question everything • Not understood by most; 399 BC sentenced to drink poison for corrupting youth of Athens • only the pursuit of goodnessbrings happiness. • Plato (427-347 B.C.) • The Academy • Perfect society had 3 classes: Farmers and artists, Warriors, and ruling class • The Republic philosopher-king • Ideas rule for 1,500 years.

43. Great Athenian Philosophers • Aristotle (384-322 B.C) • The Lyceum • “Golden Mean” [everything inmoderation] • Logic • Scientific method • Most famous pupil was Alexander the Great of Macedonia

44. Olympia

45. The Ancient Olympics:Athletes & Trainers

46. Olympia: Temple to Hera

47. The 2004 Olympics

48. Macedonia Under Philip II

49. "Hellenistic" Greece: 324 BCE - 100 BCE

50. Alexander the Great