Chapter 27 America and the World 1921 - 1945

1. Chapter 27America and the World1921 - 1945

2. The Global Crisis World War I Debt Allies owed USA 11 Billion Germany was being forced to repay just about everything they produced in war reparations to England and France The USA agreed to loan money to Germany to pay-off England and France, so England and France Could pay back America The Great Depression collapsed the whole system of repayment

3. continued� In the mist of the world wide depression Japan, Italy, and Germany began to look outward for military expansion America went into a period of isolationism while the Axis Powers began to invade England and France chose appeasement over confrontation

4. America�s Early Involvement America claimed neutrality, but 66% of Americans viewed Germany as a threat during the late 1930s FDR began a trade policy that clearly favored England After his final reelection in 1940, FDR increased trade with England and began to trade with Russia after Germany invaded them FDR also sent the U.S. Navy into the Atlantic to seize control of the ocean away from German U-Boats He placed painful economic sanctions on Japan

5. Read About Isolationism / Pacifism Pg. 795 - Isolationism Why? Two Reasons Pg. 795 & 796 � Pacifism Why? Media? Recalling WWI?

6. Pearl Harbor FDR had cut off Japan�s oil and metal supplies during the Embargo July 1941,FDR froze all Japanese assets in America Final efforts at peace talks between Japan, and the U.S. broke down early December 1941 December 7, 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor

7. continued� Eight battleships were sank / 188 aircraft destroyed 2400 American Service men killed The next day FDR addressed Congress asking for a Declaration of War Pearl Harbor day was that generation�s 9/11 It left America�s ability to fight a war in the Pacific very limited

8. World War II A war on two fronts � European Front and the Pacific Front Allies � England, France, & Russia Axis Powers � Japan, Germany, & Italy The USA would join in with the Allies after Pearl Harbor

9. Pacific Front After starting slow because of Pearl Harbor, America began to make some headway by May of 1942 General McArthur and Admiral Nimitz were given the job of working through the Pacific islands towards Japan McArthur oversaw land forces, and Nimitz the Naval fleet

10. European Front In 1942, the Russians were begging America to come to their defense along the Russian front Instead we chose to take on the Germans in Northern Africa, this caused hard feelings between the two nations It would be 1944 before the US would take on the Germans in Europe If not for a terrible winter in late 1942 and early 1943, the Germans would have conquered Russia

11. continued� 1943 Italy drops out During the war it was confirmed that the Holocaust was occurring In 1939 �The St. Louis� had been turned away from American soil carrying hundreds of Jews that would die in interment camps

12. At Home The war jump started the US Economy Economic opportunity was given to all who would work Workers migrated to jobs Concessions were made to Labor Unions to keep the war machine humming In 1939, the Federal Budget was 9 Billion, by 1945 it grew to 100 Billion

13. continued� Very few consumer goods were available for purchase People loaned much of their earnings to the government in war bonds The government paid for the war with this money

14. Rosie The Riveter Gave most families two salaries, the soldier, and the wife in the workforce Helped the nation keep up with wartime production demands The women produced at the same level as their male counterparts on the day shift Most women were forced to return to the home at the end of the war

15. New Technology Advances in production helped in keeping up with war time demand Improvements in Radar and Aircraft technology helped win the war The atomic bomb technology helped to end the war early

16. Minority Involvement The war gave some Native Americans a chance to choose immersion, while others remained loyal to tribal ties Completion of the African American migration from the South into America�s industrialized cities Door was opened to Mexican immigrants to help offset the labor shortage

17. Japanese Interment Japanese Americans located mainly on the west coast were rounded up and forced to spend the war in interment camps They lost rights and liberties during this time, later the US Government would pay reparations to some and their ancestors

18. War Time Entertainment One of the few things to spend money on Sports, Big Band music, and radio entertainers such as Bob Hope helped to keep America�s mind off of the war

19. Victory By 1943 America and its allies had moved from fighting a defensive war to an offensive war The US bombed German factories to stop their supply production D-Day June 6, 1944 allied forces began the liberation of France

20. continued� British and American forces pushed from the west towards Berlin Russia pushed from the East towards Berlin The US and England allowed Russia to take Berlin on May 8, 1945 (explain why) In the Pacific each Island victory came at high costs

21. The End August 6, 1945 � Hiroshima August 8, 1945 � Russia declares war on Japan August 9, 1945 � Nagasaki

22. American Casualties Dead � 322,000 Injured � 800,000

23. Post War Fear What would come of our economy after the war was over?