Chapter 11 AMERICA AND THE WORLD

1. Chapter 11AMERICA AND THE WORLD Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific Section 2: War with Spain Section 3: Expansion in Latin America Section 4: Conflict with Mexico

2. Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific Objectives: • What major factors drove imperialism? • How did the United States acquire Hawaii? • What was the U.S. role in China? • How did Japan become a world power?

3. Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific Factors that drove imperialism • the need for markets • the need for raw materials • the desire for power • the desire for prestige

4. Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific Acquisition of Hawaii • American missionaries arrived in the 1820s and by the 1870s, Americans controlled most of the land and trade. • In 1875, Hawaiian sugar was exempted from U.S. tariffs, but in 1876, the U.S. demanded Pearl Harbor in exchange for tax-free status. • In 1887, King Kalakaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution. • In 1893, supporters of annexation overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy and proclaimed Hawaii a U.S. protectorate. • U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898.

5. Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific U.S. role in China • promoted the Open Door policy • helped other foreign countries put down the Boxer Rebellion • pressured foreign powers to observe open trade throughout China and preserve China’s right to rule its own territory

6. Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific Steps that led Japan to become a world power • agreed to Western demands for trade • industrialized rapidly • built up its army and navy • attacked Russia in 1904 • negotiated a peace treaty with Russia

7. Section 2: War with Spain Objectives: • How did Spain respond to the revolt in Cuba? • What were the major causes of the Spanish-American War? • What were the major battles of the Spanish-American War? • What happened to the Philippines after the Spanish-American War?

8. Section 2: War with Spain Spanish response to the Cuban revolt • exiled many leaders of the independence movement • sent soldiers to fight rebels • sent General Valeriano Weyler to put down the revolt

9. Section 2: War with Spain Causes of the Spanish-American War • imperialist ambition • humanitarian sympathy for the rebels • yellow journalism • the destruction of the USS Maine

10. Section 2: War with Spain Major battles of the Spanish-American War • U.S. naval bombardment of Manila Bay in the Philippines • battle for Manila • battle for El Caney • battle for San Juan Hill in Cuba • battle between U.S. and Spanish navies off the coast of Cuba • battle between U.S. and Spanish forces in Puerto Rico

11. Section 2: War with Spain The Philippines after the Spanish-American War • Emilio Aquinaldo set up a provisional government. • U.S. annexed the Philippines. • Filipino independence fighters battled U.S. troops for control and lost in 1902. • Philippines gained independence in 1946.

12. Section 3: Expansion in Latin America Objectives: • How did the United States govern Cuba and Puerto Rico? • What were the major obstacles to building the Panama Canal? • What was U.S. policy toward Latin America during the late 1800s and early 1900s?

13. Section 3: Expansion in Latin America Government of Cuba • The Platt Amendment made Cuba a protectorate. • In 1934 the United States renounced the right to interfere in Cuban affairs.

14. Section 3: Expansion in Latin America Government of Puerto Rico • The Foraker Act established a territorial government in Puerto Rico. • The Jones Act granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship and the right to elect both houses of the legislature. • In 1952 Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth.

15. Section 3: Expansion in Latin America Major obstacles to the Panama Canal • harsh working conditions • shortages of labor and materials • outbreak of yellow fever

16. Section 3: Expansion in Latin America U.S. policy toward Latin America, late 1800s—early 1900s • The Roosevelt Corollary claimed police powers for the U.S. in the Western Hemisphere. • Taft favored dollar diplomacy—the investment of U.S. capital in Latin America to replace European investments. • Wilson wanted to establish constitutional democracies in Latin America.

17. Section 4: Conflict with Mexico Objectives: • What were the major events of the Mexican Revolution? • What were the causes of U.S. intervention in Mexico? • What were the outcomes of the Mexican Revolution?

18. Section 4: Conflict with Mexico Major events of the Mexican Revolution • Porfirio Díaz used force and fraud to win an eighth term as president of Mexico. • Emiliano Zapata led a rebel army demanding land for the mostly American Indian peasant population. • Francisco Madero unified the opposition groups and won the presidency after Diaz’s overthrow. • Victoriano Huerta seized control of the government and restored calm.

19. Section 4: Conflict with Mexico Causes of U.S. intervention in Mexico • Madero’s murder outraged Wilson. • Wilson used the arrest of some U.S. sailors as justification for using armed force.

20. Section 4: Conflict with Mexico Outcomes of the Mexican Revolution • For a while, Pancho Villa controlled much of Mexico, but when he lost power he launched a raid of revenge on the U.S. • Pershing led U.S. forces into Chihuahua, and the U.S. stationed National Guardsmen along the Mexican border. • The U.S. went too far, the Mexicans fought back, and U.S. troops withdrew. • Venustiano Carranza put a new constitution into effect in 1917.