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Conditionals. sentences contain two clauses: the condition clause (if clause) and the result clause Conditional sentences show a relationship between a condition and a result of the condition. 1) factual conditionals.
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sentences contain two clauses:the condition clause (if clause)andthe result clauseConditional sentences show a relationship between a condition and a result of the condition
1) factual conditionals express general truths, habits, and logical possibilities. Present or past in both clauses If I have money, I spend it
If a bird is happy, it sings.You see a lot of bears if you live in Montana.My cat moves her tail a lot if she’s nervous.If I needed help, she gave it to me.
2) future conditionals Express conditions and results in the future. Theif clause is in the present and the resultclause is in the future with will or be going to. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the pool.
Future conditionals express what will happen in the future if certain conditions occur. They are often used to make predictions, plans, offers, suggestions, requests.If you study, you’ll pass the test.If you go to New York next week, you’ll see the show.
3) Present unreal conditionals Are used to talk about conditions that are not true in the present and about the imagined results of these conditions.
Present unreal conditionals have a past form of the verb in the if clause and would/could/might + base formin the result clause. If we had a car, we would drive to the mall.
Were is used for all persons of be in the if clause.(I, you, she, he, we, they were)If I were the teacher, I’d give a lot less homework.
The if clause expresses a condition that is not true at the present time.The condition might be highly unlikely or impossible.
The result clause tells what would happen if this untrue condition were true. It expresses the imagined result of an imagined condition.
If I were a cat, I would sleep all day.If I had time, I would study another language.If I had a lot of money, …..If I were you, I wouldn’t worry.
4) Past unreal conditionals Are used to talk about conditions that were not true in the past and They express the imagined result of an imagined condition in the past
Past unreal conditionals have a past perfect form of verb in the If clause andwould/could/might + have + past participle of the verb in the result clause
The if clause of the past unreal conditional expresses a condition that was not true in the past.The result clause tells what would have happened if the untrue condition had been true.
FactualIf the temperature falls below 32 degrees F., water freezes
future If it continues to rain, there will be a flood.
Present unreal If I were you, I would watch the weather forecast.
Past unreal If I had studied, I would have passed the test.
In present unreal conditionals, the condition and result are sometimes highly unlikely but possible.In past conditionals, the condition and therefore the result is never possible
If you were coming tonight, we could go to a movie (highly unlikely, but possible)If you had come last night, we could have gone to a movie. (impossible; you didn’t come last night.)
Other forms of conditionals“mixed conditionals”conditions in one time can relate to results in another timeIf I had studied something practical, I could be making more money now.
Inverted conditionals(more formal)The if is omitted and were, should, or had is moved before the subject.If I were happy = Were I happyIf he should call = should he callIf I had known = had I known
If so, if notThe condition is clear from a previous sentence. It is not necessary to repeat the entire conditionI should pass all my courses this semester. If not, I’ll enroll in summer school.
Hopeis about what is possible (like factual and future conditionals)I hope I can come to the picnic.
WishWishis about what is not likely or not possible.Wish about the present or future:wish + past form of verb or would or could + base formHe wishes he had more money.Wish about the past: wish + past perfectWe wish you had been here.
Alternatives to IF In the event, providing, provided, as long as, whether or not, even if, only if, unless
I will pass my examonly ifI study.I will fail my examunlessI study.Only ifit rains,will wecancel the picnic.Only ifhe asksdo Ihelp her .WhetherI passor not, I am going to Columbia in June.As long ashe ‘s going to be there, I’ll be there too.
Implied conditions With, without, or else, otherwise
With proper identification, you can board the plane.Without proper documentation, you can’t take the test.He will go or I won’t stay.He will go. Otherwise, I am leaving.
