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THE END OF WWII

THE END OF WWII. DAY 9. TODAY’S OBJECTIVES. Identify events in the war in Europe. Describe the Allied offensive in and the liberation of Europe. Explain the development and the use of the Atomic Bomb. Describe the Allied offensive in the Pacific against Japan. FREE FRANCE!!.

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THE END OF WWII

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  1. THE END OF WWII DAY 9

  2. TODAY’S OBJECTIVES • Identify events in the war in Europe. • Describe the Allied offensive in and the liberation of Europe. • Explain the development and the use of the Atomic Bomb. • Describe the Allied offensive in the Pacific against Japan.

  3. FREE FRANCE!! • July 25, 1944: Under General Patton, Allies break German line • August 25, 1944: Enter Paris

  4. LIBERATION OF PARIS • Within a month… 1 million troops, 567,000 tons of supplies, 170,000 vehicles had been transported to France • August 23 – Patton reaches Seine River • 2 days later: French Resistance liberates the capital – Paris • Parisians celebrated after 3 years of occupation

  5. OPERATION MARKET GARDEN • September 1944: Airborne Divisions were dropped on Holland • Goal: Capture bridges crossing the Rhine River into Germany • Holland had been occupied for 4 years • Allied forces met strong resistance south of the town of Arnhem • After the liberation of Holland, Allied soldiers liberated Belgium

  6. CELEBRATIONS!

  7. BATTLE OF THE BULGE • Oct. 1944: Allies had pushed into Germany • Hitler responds w/ great “last stand” offensive • Orders troops to break through Allied lines and recapture Belgium port of Antwerp • Dec. 16, 1944: 8 German tank divisions break through American front • Hitler’s hope was to break supply lines • Tanks drove 60 miles into Allied lines • Created a bulge in the lines • Gave the great battle its name • Middle of the Ardennes Forest • Allied supply lines were strained, not cut • Early 1945: Allies were able to push the offensive back and into Germany

  8. BATTLE OF THE BULGE

  9. BATTLE OF THE BULGE

  10. BATTLE OF BASTOGNE • Dec. 1944: Smaller siege of Belgium town during the Battle of the Bulge • All 5 main roads of the forest converged on the town of Bastogne • Made the city importance for both the Nazis and the Allies – supplies

  11. LIBERATION OF THE CONCENTRATION CAMPS • British and American troops pressed into Germany from the West and South • Soviet troops pressed in from the East • Troops began coming across camps • First: July 1944 - Soviets

  12. YALTA CONFERENCE • February 1945: FDR, Churchill and Stalin meet in Yalta (Ukraine) • Called the “Big Three” • Discussed the fate of Germany after the war • Stalin: harsh punishment • Divide Germany into zones of occupation • Churchill disagreed; FDR acts as mediator • FDR wants Stalin to join war against Japan • Also wanted support for a new world peace organization – United Nations • Results: Churchill agrees to separate Germany • 4 Zones: British, American, French, Soviet • Stalin agrees to “free” elections in Poland; also joins war against Japan

  13. THE BIG THREE FDR STALIN CHURCHILL

  14. DEATH OF FDR • April 12, 1945: FDR dies • While posing for a portrait, the president suffers a stroke • Does not live to see V-E Day • Vice President, Harry S. Truman(Missouri) becomes Commander-in-Chief

  15. GERMANY SURRENDERS!! • April 25, 1945: Soviet Army pushes into Berlin (German Capital) • Linked Allied and Soviet troops together • April 30: Hitler realizes the war is lost • Commits suicide in his bunker as the Battle of Berlin rages above him • Also w/ him: mistress Eva Braun • After the surrender of Berlin, German forces all over Europe begin to surrender • May 7, 1945: Germany surrenders • May 8, 1945: News of surrender reaches the west and celebrations of “V-E Day” begin

  16. HITLER AND EVA BRAUN

  17. CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY • Allied armies discover evidence of the Holocaust • 12 million people died in the camps • Nuremberg Trials: prosecution of surviving 24 Nazi leaders • Held in the German town of Nuremberg • 12 of 24 were sentenced to death; remaining were sent to prison

  18. “I WAS ONLY FOLLOWING ORDERS.”

  19. IWO JIMA AND OKINAWA • VICTORIES PAVED THE ROAD FOR THE INVASION OF JAPAN • #1 GOAL AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR W/ JAPAN • ALLIED LEADERS (INCLUDING TRUMAN) KNEW IT WOULD BE A STRUGGLE • JAPAN HAD SHOWN HOW IT WAS GOING TO DEFEND ITS COUNTRY – STILL HAD A HUGE ARMY • TRUMAN SAW ONLY ONE WAY TO AVOID AN INVASION – DECIDED TO USE A NEW, POWERFUL WEAPON

  20. THE MANHATTAN PROJECT • LED BY GENERAL LESLIE GROVES • RESEARCH DIRECTED BY SCIENTIST J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER • CONSIDERED THE BEST KEPT SECRET OF AMERICAN HISTORY • PEAK: 600,000 PPL EMPLOYED (5 KNEW THE PURPOSE) • TRUMAN DIDN’T KNOW UNTIL AFTER FDR’S DEATH • BEGAN W/ ALBERT EINSTEIN INFORMING THE US ABOUT GERMANY’S INTENT TO DEVELOP ENRICHED URANIUM – “BUILD A BOMB”

  21. TRINITY TEST • DISCOVERY OF NUCLEAR FISSION AND PLUTONIUM • IT WAS ONLY A MATTER OF TIME BEFORE A BOMB WAS BUILT • NO ONE KNEW IF IT WOULD WORK!! • JULY 16, 1945: FIRST NUCLEAR BOMB IS SET OFF • DESERT SOUTH OF ALAMOGORDO, NM • NICKNAMED THE “GADGET” • CRATER: 10 FEET DEEP AND 1,110 FEET WIDE • “MUSHROOM CLOUD” WAS CREATED • FELT 180 MILES AWAY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ru2PWmGIoB8

  22. TRINITY TEST "Now I have become Death, the destroyer of worlds."

  23. TRUMAN’S DECISION • PRESIDENT TRUMAN MUST MAKE THE CHOICE • END THE WAR WITH THE BOMB OR INVADE AND FIGHT A BLOODY BATTLE IN JAPAN • JULY 25, 1945: TRUMAN GAVE THE ORDER TO DROP 2 BOMBS ON JAPANESE MILITARY TARGETS • GAVE JAPAN A FINAL WARNING TO SURRENDER OR FACE “PROMPT AND UTTER DESTRUCTION” • WITHIN THE NEXT MONTH, TWO A-BOMBS WOULD BE DROPPED ON JAPANESE CITIES

  24. USS INDIANAPOLIS AND TRANSPORT • JULY 26: SHIP DELIVERS CRITICAL PARTS FOR THE FIRST ATOMIC BOMB TO BE USED ON JAPAN • PHILIPPINES • JULY 30: ATTACKED BY A JAP SUBMARINE • SINKS IN SHARK INFESTED WATERS • SECRETIVE: SURVIVORS FLOAT IN WATER FOR 4 DAYS BEFORE BEING RESCUED • LAST VESSEL TO BE SUNK BY ENEMY IN WWII • NEVER BEEN FOUND http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9S41Kplsbs

  25. HIROSHIMA • MILITARY CENTER – POP. 300,000 • PRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS • ONLY CITY W/O POWS • AUGUST 6TH : B-29 BOMBER ENOLA GAY TAKES OFF (EARLY MORNING) – PILOT: COL. PAUL TIBBETS • CARRYING A-BOMB, “LITTLE BOY” - 9,700 POUNDS • PRIMARY TARGET: HIROSHIMA • EXPLODED AT 8:15 AM • 200,000 DIE • JAPAN DID NOT SURRENDER! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t19kvUiHvAE

  26. BEFORE AND AFTER

  27. “LITTLE BOY” MUSHROOM CLOUD

  28. HIROSHIMA

  29. HIROSHIMA VICTIMS

  30. NAGASAKI • TRUMAN DID NOT RECEIVE THE SURRENDER OF JAPAN AFTER THE HIROSHIMA BOMBINGS • NAGASAKI: LARGEST SEA PORT IN SOUTHERN JAPAN • GREAT INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE (SHIPPING) • OLDER, MORE TRADITIONAL JAPANESE INFRASTRUCTURE • AUGUST 9TH, 1945: B-29 BOMBER, BOCKSCAR DROPPED “FAT MAN” ON NAGASAKI • 80,000 WOULD EVENTUALLY DIE FROM THE BOMBING (SOME FROM RADIATION POISONING) • AUGUST 10TH: DISCUSSION BEGAN OF THE NEXT BOMB http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncq_Wye43TM

  31. NAGASAKI

  32. NAGASAKI

  33. NAGASAKI VICTIMS

  34. IMPORTANCE OF BOMBINGS • JAPAN WAS FORCED TO SURRENDER • SOVIET UNION WAS FORCED TO TAKE NOTE OF US POWER • BEGINS THE “ARMS RACE” W/ SOVIETS • PREFACE TO THE COLD WAR

  35. SURRENDER OF JAPAN • Emperor Hirohito order “control of the situation” • Soviet Union had declared war (broke non-aggression pact) • “I cannot bear to see my people suffer any longer.” • August 14th: announcement of surrender • “V-J Day” • Victory over Japan

  36. USS MISSOURI • SEPT 2ND: FORMAL CEREMONIES OF JAPANESE SURRENDER TAKE PLACE • U.S. BATTLESHIP, USS MISSOURI • TOKYO BAY • “TODAY THE GUNS ARE SILENT.” MACARTHUR

  37. Macarthur’s Speech

  38. USS Missouri

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