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Artificial Retina Imaging for the Sight Impaired

Artificial Retina Imaging for the Sight Impaired. When a person has lost their sight to a damaged retina there is now technology that allows them to see again. By means of a chip which sends electrical signals to the optic nerve. They then have their sight partially restored.

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Artificial Retina Imaging for the Sight Impaired

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  1. Artificial Retina Imaging for the Sight Impaired When a person has lost their sight to a damaged retina there is now technology that allows them to see again. By means of a chip which sends electrical signals to the optic nerve. They then have their sight partially restored. Presented by: Andrew Gustafson Cody Bjornson EE 4611 28 April, 2014

  2. Outline • How the eye works • Blindness • Argus • Bio-retina • Other Solutions • Summary • Key Concepts

  3. How the eye works • Light enters through Cornea • Lens Adjusts • Photoreceptors • Cones • Rods • Electrical Impulse • Optic Nerve • Brain interprets

  4. Blindness • Cataracts • cloudy lens • Glaucoma • fluid buildup • Macular Degeneration • damage to cones • Diabetic Retinopathy • damage to blood vessels of retina • Retina Pigmentosa • loss of peripheral

  5. Argus • Argus Retinal Prosthesis System • Developed by Second Sight Inc. • Company launched in 1998 • Robert Greenberg • Hired Engineers fresh out of school • Argus I • 2002 • 4x4 electrodes

  6. Argus • Argus II • Developed 2006 • Approved 2011 European Union • FDA Approved August 2013 • 1mm x 1mm • 6x10 electrodes • Black and White • 20/1260 vision • Next step 256 electrode

  7. Argus

  8. Argus • How it works Camera->VPU->Antenna ->Receiver->Electrode ->Optic Nerve->Brain

  9. Argus • Pros • FDA Approved • Upgradable external Hardware • Software Updates • Cons • Turn head to move camera • External Equipment • 20/1260 vision • 20 degree max line of sight

  10. Bio-Retina • Bio-Retina – Functional Level Artificial Retina • Developed by Nano-Retina • Founded in 2009 • Based in Israel • Procedure costs $60,000 and 30 minutes

  11. Bio-Retina • Utilizes a 3 x 4 mm integrated circuit • Photodetectors • Microelectrodes • Microelectronic circuitry • 24 x 24 resolution image • 576 pixels and electrodes • Powered using a single photovoltaic cell • Produces 3 mW • IR beam is shot at the cell

  12. Bio-Retina • How it works • Identical to regular process • Computer does the work • Glasses charge the implant

  13. Bio-Retina

  14. Bio-Retina • Pros • Less expensive • Short procedure • Local anesthetic • Better resolution • Minimalistic • Regular field of view • Cons • Upgrading • Not yet in clinical trials • T-800

  15. Other Solutions • Stem Cells • Gene Therapy • Drug Therapy

  16. Summary • How the eye works • Blindness • Argus • Bio-retina • Other Solutions

  17. References • Anthony, Sebastian. "The laser-powered bionic eye that gives 576-pixel grayscale vision to the blind."ExtremeTech.com. Ziff Davis, LLC, 12 July 2012. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. <http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/132918-the-laser-powered-bionic- eye-that-gives-576-pixel-grayscale-vision-to-the-blind>. • "How the Artificial Retina Works." Artificial Retina Project. N.p., 8 Jan. 2008. Web. 25 Apr. 2014. <http://artificialretina.energy.gov/howartificialretinaworks.shtml>. • "How Your Eyes Work." How Your Eyes Work. American Optometric Association, n.d. Web. 25 Apr. 2014. <http://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/resources-for- teachers/how-your-eyes-work>. • "Mission." Second Sight. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Apr. 2014. <http://2-sight.eu/en/home- en>. • "Leading Causes of Blindness." NIH MedlinePlus 3 (): 14-15. Print. • Puiu, Tibi. "Argus 2 bionic eye implant to receive firmware update." ZME Science. N.p., 8 Aug. 2013. Web. 25 Apr. 2014. <http://www.zmescience.com/medicine/bionic- eye-argus-2-update-04232/#!FOWAR>. • Strick, Eliza. "How Would You Like Your Bionic Vision?." IEEE Spectrum. N.p., 13 Jan. 2013. Web. 25 Apr. 2014. <http://spectrum.ieee.org/tech- talk/biomedical/bionics/how-would-you-like-your-bionic-vision>. • "What is Retinitis Pigmentosa." Foundation Fighting Blindess. N.p., n.d. Web. . <http://www.blindness.org/index.php?option=com_content&id=50&Itemid=67>. • White, Ronald. "Bionic eye maker has vision of the future." LAtimes. N.p., 27 Apr. 2013. Web. 25 Apr. 2014. <http://2-sight.eu/images/stories/2- sight/pdf/20130427_latimes_bionic_eye.pdf>.

  18. Key Concepts • Eye works by taking in light and using light-sensitive cells to turn light into electrical impulses • Argus uses an external camera to produce a picture which is transmitted to the eye wirelessly • Argus is powered through the same antenna • Bio-Retina implant uses natural process to produce sight • Battery powered glasses charge the voltaic cell of the Bio-Retina

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