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COMM234 Media & New Technologies

COMM234 Media & New Technologies. Week 10 Gaming Technologies Sarah Wharton sarah.wharton@liverpool.ac.uk. Learning Outcomes. By the end of the session, learners should be able to:

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COMM234 Media & New Technologies

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  1. COMM234 Media & New Technologies Week 10 Gaming Technologies Sarah Wharton sarah.wharton@liverpool.ac.uk

  2. Learning Outcomes • By the end of the session, learners should be able to: • Discuss how media convergence has impacted on gaming culture and caused gaming culture to impact on other media. • Some of this session will also be devoted to going through some of the main issues with the assignments.

  3. A (very) brief (and partial) history of the home video game • 1st generation: • 1972 • Magnavox Odyssey • Atari’s Pong • 2nd generation: • 1976 • Fairchild Video Entertainment System (VES) • Used cartridges • Atari’s Space Invaders • 3rd generation: • 1983/1985 • Nintendo Famicom (Japan)/Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) (USA) • Came packaged with Super Mario Brothers and a light gun (Zapper) • Sega Master System

  4. A (very) brief (and partial) history of the home video game • 4th generation: • 1988 • Sega Megadrive • Used the Mega CD/Sega CD to increase storage. • 1989 • Nintendo Game Boy • 1990 • Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) • NEC’s TurboGrafx-16 • SNK Playmore’s Neo Geo • 5th generation: • 1993 • Atari Jaguar and 3DO • 3DO used discs (CDs) instead of cartridges • Both expensive and hard to use • Sega Saturn, Sony PlayStation and Nintendo 64 (N64) • Popularised 5th gen consoles • 3D graphics

  5. A (very) brief (and partial) history of the home video game • 6th generation: • 1999 • Sega Dreamcast, Sony PlayStation 2 (PS2), Microsoft Xbox and Nintendo GameCube • DVDs • Longer, more visually stunning games • Xbox was the first to offer and online service. • 2004 • Sony PSP • 7th generation: • 2005 • Microsoft Xbox 360, Sony PlayStation 3 (PS3), Nintento Wii. • High definition with Blu-ray discs(also saw start of HD-DVD/Blu-ray battle) • Massive online presence • Motion sensors used in gaming

  6. Other platforms? • Arcade machines • PC, Apple, other home computers • Tablet computers (iPad) • iPod • Mobile phones • Smart phones • Gaming apps on Facebook. • Digital distribution software e.g. Steam Snake on the Nokia 3330

  7. How has media convergence affected games and gaming technologies? • Online support for open narrative MMO games like World of Warcraft. • More social gameplay with gamers able to play console games online. • Backwards compatibility almost infinite with online stores like Nintendo’s Virtual Console and the PlayStation Store. • Using games to create user generated content e.g. using The Sims 3 to create short films. • Crossovers e.g. games as ancillary products or other media based on games. • Sense of ‘play’ infusing other media e.g. puzzle films – more in seminar. • Gaming structure and aesthetics seeping into other media such as films e.g. the ‘level’ structure of Sucker Punch (Zack Snyder, 2011) (see this blog), or the first-person shooter sequence in Doom (AndrzejBartkowiak, 2005).

  8. Alien Vs. Predator: A multimedia franchise • Crossover of Alien and Predator franchises. • Comics. • Published by Dark Horse Comics from 1991. • Games. • Film series: • Alien Vs. Predator (Paul W. S. Anderson, 2004) • Alien V.s Predator: Requiem (Colin & Greg Strause, 2007) • Alien Vs. Predator (SNES, 1993) • Av.P: The Last of His Clan (Game Boy, 1993) • Av.P(arcade & Atari Jaguar, 1994) • Av.P(PC & Mac, 1999) • Av.P 2 (PC & Mac, 2001) • Av.P 2: Primal Hunt (PC & Mac, 2002) • Av.P: Extinction (PS2 & Xbox, 2003) • Av.P(mobile, 2004) • Av.P 3D (mobile, 2005) • Av.P: Requiem (PSP & mobile, 2007) • Av.P(PC, PS3 & Xbox 360, 2010)

  9. Doom (AndrzejBartkowiak, 2005)

  10. Referencing, structure, evidence and spelling Assignment tips

  11. Referencing • Always use Harvard System – NOT footnotes. • Your reference always comes at the end of the sentence, after the paraphrased section or quote. • A paraphrase or direct quote should always have a page reference. • Don’t include references in your bibliography that haven’t been included in the main body of work.

  12. Structure • This sounds really obvious but: • Point > Example > Explanation > Reflection • Make your point or state an idea. • Use an example/quote/theory/statistic that supports your idea. • Explain why/how it supports your idea. • Reflect/critique/evaluate.

  13. Evidence • If you state anything as fact you need to back it up with supportive evidence. • Example: • ‘The audience for the Paranormal Activity movies is predominantly over-25 as demonstrate by Andrew Stewart of Variety who states that 47% of Paranormal Activity 3’s audience was from that age group (2001: internet).’

  14. Spelling and Grammar • Use British spellings e.g. ‘ise’ not ‘ize’. • Do not abuse apostrophes. • Capital letters have their place. Make sure they’re in the right ones. • The only things that needs to be italicised are titles of texts (e.g. books, TV shows, films, albums etc. but not journal articles). • USE YOUR SPELL CHECK.

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