Earth’s Ocean: Exploring the Depths and Impact on Society

1. Chapter 1 - Lesson 2 Earth’s Ocean and The Water We Drink Chapter 1 The Earth’s Bodies of Water

2. Earth’s Ocean page 29 • The Oceans on Earth cover much of the planet • The continents divide the ocean into 5 parts • In order from largest to smallest the oceans are: • Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic and Southern • The Pacific Ocean covers more than 70 million square miles Weathering - is the process of breaking up rocks into smaller pieces called sediment

3. Earth’s Ocean • The Pacific Ocean is nearly double the size of the Atlantic ocean and is the deepest ocean with an average depth of 12,900 ft. • The land beneath the ocean can consist of mountains, plains, basins, valleys and volcanos

4. Earth’s Ocean • The mid-ocean ridges make up the largest features on the ocean floor • The ridges consist of a chain of mountains that runs about 37,000 miles through the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans • Most of the mountains are about 5,000 feet tall and rise above the surface of the ocean creating islands • One such island is Iceland in the Atlantic Ocean

5. Earth’s Ocean Trench – the deepest ocean valley

6. Earth’s Ocean • The deepest trench ever explored is located in the western Pacific Ocean it is called The Mariana Trench, it sinks down almost 7 miles below the ocean’s surface Imgarr

7. Earth’s Ocean Currents – giant streams of ocean water • Ocean currents are constantly moving like giant rivers in the ocean water • Ocean currents are set in motion by the wind • They move in a clockwise pattern in the Northern Hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere

8. Earth’s Ocean • Ocean waves are caused by wind • Ocean waves can be small ripples or giant waves of more than 100 feet caused by earthquakes and severe storms Tidal waves - an exceptionally large ocean wave, especially one caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption

9. Earth’s Ocean • Tides are another way that oceans move • The pull of the moon and sun causes ocean tides • Everyday the ocean water rises and falls along the shorelines causing them to either get larger or smaller • Between tides and waves, the shoreline can expand or lessen Tides – the regular, rhythmic, rise and fall of the ocean waters

10. Earth’s Ocean

11. How do ocean currents affect people? (pg.30)

12. The Water We Drink pg. 30-31 Water cycle – the continuous movement of water on, above, or below the surface of the Earth • More than 99% of the total water on Earth is unsafe for humans to drink • Ocean water is too salty to drink • Most (70%) of the earth’s freshwater is located in frozen glaciers and ice caps • About 80% of the freshwater that humans use comes from lakes and rivers • Some freshwater floats around as water vapor in the air • Through the water cycle we can use the freshwater stored in the air

13. The Water We Drink

14. Terms to Know • Water cycle • Tides • Tidal waves • Currents • Trench • How is the supply of freshwater continuously replaced? (pg. 31)