Industrialised Building System (IBS) Global Adoption: Lessons Learned

1. Industrialised Building System (IBS) Global Adoption: Lessons Learned MOHD NASRUN MOHD NAWI School of Technology Management & Logistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia,06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia

2. Content • Sustainable Development and Construction • IBS Definition • Initiative by Other Countries • Initiative by Malaysian Government • Conclusion

3. Issue : Abandoned Housing Project

4. Initiative by Malaysian Government to Enhance Sustainable Development Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) actively promotes the development and usage of new and relevant technology. One of the programmes undertaken by CIDB is Industrialised Building System (IBS). A systematic construction process toward sustainable development as an alternative to conventional and labour intensive construction method.

5. Definition of IBS A mass production of building components either in a factory or at the site according to the specification with standard shape and dimensions, and transport to the construction site to be re-arranged according to a certain standard to form a building. (Chung and Kadir, 2007) The Industrialised Building System (IBS) is a construction process that utilises techniques, products, components, or building systems which involve prefabricated components and on-site installation. (CIBD, 2003).

6. Definition of IBS

7. DEGREE OF INDUSTRIALISED

8. Initiative by Other Countries • Sweden • Swedish construction industry is regarded as the most industrialised and developed in the world, with 90% of single-family houses constructed using IBS. • In the mid-1960s, the Swedish government projected a national mission of producing 1 million new houses within 10 years. The objective was achieved through the introduction of IBS • Their magnificent achievement in IBS is a result of direct government proactive policies which include substantial grants for research and development

9. Initiative by Other Countries • Finland • In Finland, housing made in a factory represents 70% of total building construction. • It offers effective and rapid site assembly and improves the quality and productivity of construction. • The growth of residential housing using IBS is 20% annually and the predominant form of IBS is small and modular panelised systems • Germany • Industrialised construction in the building industry in Germany has improved in quality and provides better value with considerable variety and flexibility in design. • It also helps the developers to overcome strict standards of quality control imposed by local authorities in their building industry.

10. Initiative by Other Countries • Japan • In Japan, attempts to industrialise the construction industry began in the late 1950s, for the following reasons: shortage of carpenters, oil price hike, rapid economic growth and urbanisation, depletion of timber, quality issues and for better earthquake and fire protection. • Automation and robotics were applied in both manufacturing floor and onsite construction for better quality, minimum onsite duration and better value for customers concrete systems

11. Initiative by Other Countries • Denmark • In Denmark, about 80% of the detachable houses used IBS and most of it was done via a panelised system. • The IBS in Denmark is aimed at the domestic market as well as the export market. Their international contractors such as Jespersen & Son and Larsen & Nielson have constructed large projects throughout the world using prefabricated concrete systems.

12. Initiative by Other Countries • Netherlands • The IBS industry in the Netherlands represents 10% of the total market, and the conventional brick wall and masonry construction is still dominant in the market. • The industrialised housing in the Netherlands is steadily increasing its market share due to potential cost savings of up to 30%. • This too is substantiated by standardised components, a flexible manufacturing process and improved industrialised building techniques

13. Initiative by Other Countries • Singapore • Singapore, through the Housing Development Board (HDB), has produced advanced prefabricated components and systems for quality housing since the 1980s. • It proved successful in terms of the quality and speed of construction. • They have started adopting a modulated grid layout concept based on Modular Coordination (MC) as the basic building block for all apartment designs since the early 1970s; its industry-wide pre-fabrication programme started in the early 1980s through technology transfer initiatives with Australian, Japanese and French partners. • As These initiatives are the incorporation of modular co-ordination of its public housing designs, design standardisation and customisation, prefabrication, and the mechanization of site operations.

14. Initiative by Other Countries • European Commission • One of the most significant current developments in industrialised construction is the development of the open building manufacturing concept initiated by Manubuild. • Commencing in April 2005, it involves participation from the industry stakeholders, research institution and universities. • The vision of Manubuild is open building manufacturing, a new paradigm for building production and procurement by combining highly efficient manufacturing techniques in factories and on construction sites, and an open system for production of components offers diversity of supply and building component configuration opportunities in the open market

15. Initiative by Other Countries • United Kingdom (UK) • Both Latham and Egan reports emphasised the advantages of standardisation and preassembly and stressed the importance of modular and industrialised systems to improve construction performance. • The UK construction industry has often been described as fragmented, adversarial and inefficient requiring significant improvement. • In the impetus of the reports, the Modern Method of Construction (MMC) and offsite construction were introduced to address the under supply, skills shortage and poor build quality of housing. • Currently, offsite and prefabricated construction is a preferred mode of construction of hospitals, military accommodation, hostels and prisons in the UK.

16. Initiative by Malaysian Government to Enhance IBS • In 1998, CIDB actively promote the use of IBS in local construction industry. • CIDB Malaysia formed the IBS Steering Committee and Work Group • IBS Strategic Plan 1999 was formulated • In 2003, IBS Roadmap 2003 – 2010 was endorsed • Cabinet of Ministers endorsed the IBS Roadmap 2003-2010 as the blueprint for the total industrialisation and achieving Open Building by 2010 • In 2007, government announced exemption of the levy on contractors that implanted some kind of IBS in 50% of the building components

17. Initiative by Malaysian Government to Enhance Offsite KL SENTRAL KLIA TEACHERS QUATERS PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

18. IBS Barriers • Poor skill and knowledge, cost and financial issues, lack of awareness and negative perception (IBS Steering Committee, 2006; Thanoon et al., 2003 and Haron et al., 2005). • Lack of communication and integration among professionals or disciplines during the design stage (Kamar et al, 2009; Hamid et al, 2008; CIMP, 2007).

19. Conclusion In attempt to develop a sustainable development process, the Malaysian government has taken the initiative of implementing a new or modern construction method called Industrialised Building System (IBS). However, IBS has not made headway in the Malaysia construction industry. Accordingly, development of new integrated business model need to be introduced as an initiative to improve the level of IBS implementation in Malaysian construction industry.

20. Thank You ...