The Byzantine Empire

1. The Byzantine Empire 500 CE - 1453 CE

2. SPLITS INTO & Western Rome EASTERN ROME

3. Western Rome EASTERN ROME Byzantine Empire Middle Ages

4. EUROPE Rome Constantinople Atlantic Ocean ITALY Black Sea SPAIN Athens ASIA MINOR ASIA Carthage Mediterranean Sea Jerusalem Alexandria AFRICA EGYPT Red Sea

5. 1. Constantinople • Emperor Constantine the Great renamed Byzantium (a Greek city) Constantinople (the capital).

6. B. Its strategic location on the Bosporus Strait made it a center of trade (a crossroads) - Greek, Roman, and Christian culture spread.

7. Bosporus Strait Black Sea Mediterranean Sea

8. The city was protected by a deep moat, and three walls that were 25 feet thick in addition to a 14-mile stone wall was built along the city’s coastline to keep out invaders.

10. 2. Emperor Justinian a. reigned from 527- 565 CE Autocracy- total rule by one leader Autocrat- a leader with ABSOLUTE POWER (over gov’t and church)

11. b. There was a Golden Age during his reign. c. He wanted to revive the grandeur of Rome

12. d. The Justinian Code • Collection of laws • It preserved Roman laws that became the basis for medieval and modern legal systems too.

13. Justinian’s Code of Laws Laws were fairer to women. They could own property and raise their own children after their husbands died. Children allowed to choose their own marriage partners. Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their masters. Punishments were detailed and fit the crime His work inspired the modern concept and, indeed, the very spelling of "justice." DON’T WRITE!

14. Byzantine Under Justinian Justinian hired Belisarius, a talented general, to reconquer the Roman territories lost by Germanic invasions DON’T WRITE!

15. e. THEODORA -The strong wife of Justinian

16. DON’T WRITE THIS! “If flight were the only means of safety, still I would not flee. Those who have worn the crown should never survive its loss…Emperor, if you wish to flee, well and good, you have the money, the ships are ready, the sea is clear. But I shall stay. I accept the ancient saying: Royal purple is the best burial sheet.” What did Theodora mean by this quote?

17. DON’T WRITE THIS! - She saved the empire during the Nika Revolt • Justinian was going to flee, but Theodora refused • Justinian stayed and crushed rioters • 30,000 dead in Hippodrome

18. The Byzantine Empire Under Justinian 3. Economy

19. A. Byzantines prospered and were the “New Rome.” B. Traded with China and India on the Silk Road. Byzantines produced: gold, silk, grain, olives and wine. DON’T WRITE!

20. The Silk Road

21. Constantinople: Europe’s busiest marketplace! • Silk from China • Wheat and papyrus from Egypt • Spices and gems from India • Slaves from Western Europe • Furs from Northern Europe • Tin from England • Wine from France • Cork from Spain • Ivory and gold from Africa DON’T WRITE!

22. 4. Art & Architecture A. The HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”) is a church.

23. HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”)

24. Church of Hagia Sophia (“Holy Wisdom”)

25. INSIDE THE HAGIA SOPHIA

26. B. Mosaics- pictures or designs formed by stones, tile or glass (often showed biblical scenes)

30. C. Icons- are holy images of Jesus, the Virgin Mary and saints

31. Mosaics can be icons and vice versa http://mosaicartsource.blogspot.com/2006_09_15_archive.html

32. D. The Hippodrome could hold 60,000 spectators to watch horse races!

34. 5. Religion A. A Schism (permanent split) took place in 1054 between the Eastern Orthodox Churchand Roman Catholic Church

35. WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE KINDS OF CHRISTIANITY? Western Europe Eastern Europe Byzantine Empire Pope Patriarch Vow of chastity Allowed to marry Latin Greek Christmas Easter

37. DON’T WRITE! THINK! How does this picture represent that there became two branches of Christianity after the Roman Empire fell?

38. 6. DECLINE A. There were political struggles and constant attacks by invaders B. In 1453, Constantinople fell to the Muslim Ottoman Turks; it was renamed Istanbul The Hagia Sophia (Church of the Holy Wisdom was turned into Muslim Mosque)

39. DON’T WRITE! In 1453, Ottoman Turks surrounded Constantinople; it took them two months to conquer the city.

40. 7. LEGACY • Byzantines preserved Hellenistic and Roman law and engineering

41. C. Eastern (Greek & Russian) Orthodox Christianity

42. D.THE CYRILLIC ALPHABETinfluenced Eastern Europe (Russian) language & culture • Created by monks of the Byzantine Empire • Spread with Eastern Orthodox religion throughout Greece, Russia, Eastern Europe DON’T WRITE!

44. E. Russian leaders were known as czars (like caesar) The Byzantine tradition of autocratic rule continued in Russia. . DON’T WRITE!