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Ideals of Enlightenment Philosophers and Democratic Revolutions

Compare and analyze the influential ideas of philosophers like Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau and the impact on democratic revolutions in England, America, and France during the 17th and 18th centuries.

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Ideals of Enlightenment Philosophers and Democratic Revolutions

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  1. Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effect on the democratic revolutions in England, America & France. Standard 10.2-1

  2. Thomas HobbesThe Social Contract • Published: Leviathan 1651 • Thought people were naturally wicked and evil (lived through the English Civil War). • Thought people needed a strong ruler to maintain order. • S/C People give up a little liberty (freedom) to a government that provides organization (law and order) • Best type of government: Monarchy, King

  3. John LockeNatural Rights • Published: Two Treatise of Government 1690 • Thought people had the ability to reason and make good choices ie. Be reasonable in society. • Governments get power from the- Consent of the Governed • Thought all people had- Natural Rights- life, liberty and property • Governments are created to protect your Natural Rights • If they fail to protect your Natural Rights people have the right overthrow

  4. Baron de MontesquieuSeparation of Powers • Published The Spirit of the Laws 1748 • Governments should have three branches: executive, legislative & judicial • Each branch should have a check and balance on each other • Thought this system would prevent any one group from gaining complete control

  5. Jean-Jacques RousseauMajority Rule • Published The Social Contract 1762 • Concept: The General Will- majority rule • Majority should work for the common good • Good view of human nature • Best type of government: Democracy

  6. Thomas Jefferson1743-1825 • Farmer (unsuccessful), Lawyer, Congressman, Governor, Ambassador, Secretary of State, V.P. and 3rd President, • Major accomplishment-The Louisiana Purchase 1803. • Wished to be remembered for: • Declaration of Independence • Religious Freedom • University of Virginia

  7. James Madison1751-1838 • Jefferson’s friend and neighbor • Wrote Constitution of Virginia 1776, Leader of Virginian Assembly to the Continental Congress., Member of Constitutional Convention- Father of the Constitution, Secretary of State, 4th President.

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