Standard 1

1. Standard 1 The student will describe European settlement in North America during the 17th century.

2. A

3. The Southern Colonies • Virginia • Jamestown • Maryland • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia

4. Jamestown • It was started by the Virginia Company. • This was a joint-stock company. • Established in modern day Virginia. • The British created Jamestown with the hope of getting rich like the Spanish. • There were many difficulties early on: • Disease • Swampy land • Indian attacks • Poor leadership and focus

5. Jamestown • The colony struggled mightily due to people not working, poor leadership, and its bad location. • In the beginning, Native Americans helped the colonists survive, Powhatan and Pocahontas, but due to the British’s attitude towards the Native Americans, the relationship fell apart and became adversarial. • The only thing that kept the colony from completely failing was tobacco. • Tobacco became a very important cash crop for the colonies. • Colonists in the South became extremely wealthy cultivating tobacco for European consumers.

6. Early American Government • The Virginia Company allowed the colonists to govern themselves. • The colonists in Jamestown created the House of Burgesses. • It is the first representative government established in the colonies. • You had to be at least 17 years old and own land to vote. • The House of Burgesses could create laws and levy taxes.

7. Jamestown • In 1624, the King of England took over Virginia. • The Virginia Company ran into hard times and went bankrupt. • Virginia was making lots of money and the King did not want it to fail. • Virginia became the first royal colony.

8. Native American Relations • As Jamestown continues to expand, and gain in population, relations with local tribes began to sour. • The Native Americans tried many times to fight the colonial expansion. • The Algonquin Tribe, Powhatan’s tribe, was nearly eradicated by English efforts. • Ultimately, the Native Americans lost and were forced to either leave the land or be placed on reservations. • This will become a common theme in American History.

9. Bacon’s Rebellion • Nathanial Bacon led an army of poor farmers against the government of Virginia for not supporting the poor. • The rebellion showed that the poor would not tolerate a government that ignored their concerns in favor of the wealthy.

10. The Development of Slavery • During the late 1600s, England economy started to improve. • This improvement meant that there were fewer indentured servants to come to the colonies to be used for labor on the tobacco farms. • This will lead to the started importation of African slaves.

11. What was the House of Burgesses? • The home of Puritan leaders • Home of the governor of Virginia • The Parliament of Virginia • An elected governing body in Virginia

12. Why was the House of Burgesses significant? • It sat as court in the Salem Witch Trials. • It created a series of trade laws for the colonies. • It imposed and collected British taxes. • It was the start of representative government in Virginia.

13. The Virginia House of Burgesses • Established a model of representative government • Was established by King James I • Provided a way for people to secure religious freedom • Was put in place in 1607 as a temporary government

14. What was the name of the first representative body in the American colonies? • The Albany Plan of Union • The Continental Congress • The Sons of Liberty • The Virginia House of Burgesses

15. The first successful British colony in North America was • Jamestown, Virginia • Quebec, Canada • Jamestown, Massachusetts • New Amsterdam, New Netherlands

16. The Virginia colony was built largely due to the labor of people who agreed to work for a master for a set number of years in exchange for that master paying their way to North America. These laborers were then promised land once their time of servitude was over. Such workers were known as • Slaves. • Contract laborers. • Nativists. • Indentured servants.

17. Which colonial region was most known for plantations, large numbers of slaves, and the production of rice and tobacco? • New England • Southern • Middle • Atlantic

18. Who was Powhatan? • A native American chief who made peace with the Pilgrims and helped them through their first winter. • A Native American chief who ruled over much of the Virginia territory when English settlers arrived. • A Native American chief who was shot and killed by New Englanders in Rhode Island. • The first African slave to arrive in Virginia by way of the Middle Passage.

19. What role did tobacco play in the history of Jamestown? • It was the main crop the founders of Jamestown hoped to grow when the first established the colony. • It caused fighting when the colonial government outlawed the crop and would not allow it to be imported. • It turned out to be the cash crop that saved the colony. • Although Virginians tried to raise tobacco, the crop failed miserably.

20. He led a rebellion in 1676 that forced Virginia’s leaders to recognize the growing discontent among small landowners. The uprising he led also showed the need to do something about shortages of land and led to slavery serving as the colony’s primary labor system. Who was he? • Thomas Jefferson • George Washington • John C. Calhoun • Nathaniel Bacon

21. Which of the following list is associated with the southern colonies? • Subsistence farming, slavery, profitable shipping industry, Puritan faith • Commerce, diversity, originally home to Dutch settlements • Tobacco, rice, plantation system, large numbers of slaves • Fur trade, with trials, Mayflower Compact

22. Book Assignment • Page 30: 1-9 • Just the answers. You do not need to write out the questions.

23. B

24. The New England Colonies • Massachusetts • Plymouth Colony • Massachusetts Bay Colony • New Hampshire • Connecticut • Rhode Island

25. The Plymouth Colony The Puritans wanted to remove all vestiges of Catholicism from the Anglican Church (Church of England) The Pilgrims established the Plymouth colony as a place to practice the Puritan religion They were NOT tolerant of other religions!! In a view of things to come in New England, fish, fur and lumber become economic staples Massachusetts Bay Colony In 1629 a new group of Puritans gained a royal charter for a new colony Just one year later, a wave of new Puritan immigrants, including John Winthrop, came to the New World This was known as the Great Migration Most were seeking freedom or fleeing the civil war in England The Puritans

26. The Baby Steps to Democracy Early Political Institutions • Minority Rule • Took the form of the Mayflower Compact • This allowed the Puritans to maintain control of Plymouth Colony. • Representative Government in Massachusetts • Members of the Puritan Church • Town Meetings • Limited Democracy: • Only white, 17 years old, male landowners were generally allowed to participate in the political process

27. The Halfway Covenant: The weakening of Puritan control led them to adopt the Halfway Covenant People could become members of the church w/o making a full declaration of their belief in Christ This was generally adopted because of the lessening interest of the colonial-born population in religious matters King Phillips’ War: The New England Confederation fought a vicious war against, Metacom, who had united the tribes in and around New England The colonists eventually prevailed and this was the last significant challenge posed by the N.A. in New England Problems in New England

28. Rhode Island Founded by Roger Williams as a haven for religious tolerance Created to escape the intolerance of Puritan society for different religions. Connecticut The first constitution in America was drawn up by those in Conn. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut established a representative government. It’s royal charter allowed them the freedom to choose their own governor Breaking Away

29. The Salem Witch Trials • In 1692, the town of Salem held trials to determine the guilt of accused witches. • In the end, twenty people, men and women, were put to death by hanging.

30. Loss of the Charter • Massachusetts lost their colonial charter when they refused to pay the taxes required in the Navigation Act and tariff and trade laws. • Even in 1684, the desire for freedom was present in the colonies.

31. The Mayflower Compact served to establish • Religious freedom throughout the colonies • The possibility of self-government • Trade agreements with England and France • A covenant between Separatists and non-Separatists

32. Use the information below to answer the question. • Acknowledged themselves as British subjects • Established a unit of government • Determined the right to create mutually beneficial laws • Agreed to abide by the laws created Which document does the information describe? • The Mayflower Compact • The Declaration of Independence • The Treaty of Paris of 1783 • The Treaty of Ghent

33. What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact? • It allowed for voting rights for all settlers. • It transferred ownership of the colony to the Puritans. • It provided for an even distribution of food among the colonists. • It established a foundation for self-government.

34. Which of the following groups founded Massachusetts? • Puritans • Quakers • Anglican ministers • Tobacco farmers

35. Who would have disagreed the most when discussing the Half-way Covenant? • A Virginia farmer and a New York merchant • The Dutch and the British • Members of the Puritan faith with different opinions concerning church membership • Benjamin Franklin and King George III

36. King Phillip’s War was an example of • Spain’s attempts to keep Great Britain and France out of the New World. • Native Americans’ efforts to drive white settlers out of Jamestown. • Conflict that existed between New Englanders moving west and Native Americans. • The struggle between the French and British for control of North America.

37. Book Assignment • Page 62: 1-10 • Just the answers. You do not need to write out the questions.

38. C

39. The Middle Colonies • New York • New Amsterdam • Delaware • New Jersey • Pennsylvania

40. The Middle Colonies • These colonies were created mainly around the idea of trade. • New York was originally owned by the Dutch and called New Amsterdam. • The English took it over and renamed it when they saw the Dutch making money and working with the Native Americans. • Pennsylvania was created to provide a safe place for Quakers to worship and allow for religious tolerance.

41. In 1624, a group of Dutch merchants started New Netherland. The main settlement of the colony was called New Amsterdam. After purchasing Manhattan Island form the Manhattan (American Indian) people, New Amsterdam grew into a major trade center. What happened to New Amsterdam? • It was taken over by the English in 1664. • It was the least tolerant of the middle colonies. • It grew into a center for the French fur trade. • It was settled by Quakers who believed in religious tolerance.

42. Which of he following regions would have featured the most diversity during the late 1600s and 1700s? • New England • New York • South Carolina • Jamestown

43. Which of the following nations was most impacted by England’s desire to claim New York? • France • Spain • Portugal • The Netherlands

44. Which of the following was a Dutch colony before it was taken by the British in 1664? • New York • Maryland • Canada • North Carolina

45. What phrase best describes the American colonies? • Religious purpose • Peace and stability • Successful from the start • Social equality

46. Historians traditionally divide the original thirteen English colonies into which of the following categories? • North, West, East, and South • North, Middle, South • New England, Middle, Southern • New England, Middle, Plantation

47. D

48. New France (Canada) • The French established the colony of Quebec in modern day Canada. • The French worked closely with the Native Americans to control the fur trade. • The French were not interested in long term settlement of the New World.

49. In 1608, Samuel de Champlain established a settlement in Canada. He named his settlement Quebec. What was the purpose of the French settlement? • To establish a colony for religious freedom • To establish a fur trading post • To establish an English military post • To establish a center for New England trade

50. The French founded Quebec mainly for what reason? • They wanted a place in North America to raise tobacco. • It was a good spot to wage war against the Spanish. • It provided an excellent location for both trade and defense. • They thought it would allow them to establish more colonies up and down the east coast.