Traffic Research Experience in Poland vs. P lanned National Mobility Survey

1. Justyna Szczepańska jszczepanska@ibdim.edu.pl COST 355 Meeting Madrid; May, 10. 2007 Traffic Research Experiencein Polandvs. Planned National Mobility Survey ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform

2. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform Contents • Traffic Research in Poland • Urban Mobility Surveys • General Traffic Study (GTS) • Traffic Studies for planned motorways • Basic case study of Urban Mobility Survey – Warsaw Mobility Survey 2005 • Suggestions for planned National Mobility Survey (NMS)

3. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform Traffic Research in Poland • Local mobility surveys in urban areas (most of main cities of 16 regions in Poland) • General Traffic Study • Traffic Studies for planned motorways • National Traffic Studies (NTS) for planned expressways • Transport Statistics from Central Statistic Office

4. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform Urban Mobility Surveys Poland – 16 regions

5. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform General Traffic Study (GTS) • At the national level - the only road traffic research. • It cannot provide such information like a mobility survey can. • Common goal of NMS and GTS: Collecting data that can be used for long-term forecasting of transport needs. • The prediction of road traffic is used for better national roadsmanagement -to adjust & change infrastructure, - unfortunately little concern to change individuals’ behaviour.

6. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform General Traffic Study (GTS) GTSs have been conducted since 1985,every 5 years. registration of traffic, in 1719 observation points, conducted by trained observerers counting cars, other vehicles (buses, vans, lorries) and bicycles. measuring cycle - 9 days, 8 or 16 hours a day additionally automatic traffic measurement, led by 56 automatic measurement stations.

7. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform General Traffic Study (GTS) Main parameters of traffic • Average Daily Traffic (number of vehicles per day) • Average Daily Traffic in particular regions on different kinds of roads • Average Daily Traffic on motorways, expressways, main roads • The characteristic of traffic • The traffic volume during summer holidays

8. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform General Traffic Study (GTS) • Average Daily Traffic (ADT) in 2005 on national roads -8 224 vehicles /day. • The volumehasgrown up to 18 %since 2000. • ADTincrease correlated with the importance/relevance of a road in transport system. • ADT on international roads -13 561 vehicles/ day, • ADT on the rest of national roads not higher than 5990 vehicles/day.

9. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform General Traffic Study (GTS) The characteristic of traffic • National road network was divided according to a characteristics of traffic – economic, recreational, tourist. • In 2005 about 87,9 % of national roads (14 700 km) carried economic traffic • 2,8 % of NR (436 km)-tourist traffic. • 9,3 % of NR (1 555 km) – recreational traffic. • Since 2000 tourist traffic increased slightly. At the same time recreational traffic decreased. • Economic traffic has not changed.

10. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform Traffic Studies for planned highways • Studies of traffic were carried on for all planned highways A1, A2, A3 i A4/A12in 1994 – 1997 and in 2004, 2005, 2006 year • 3 different types of research used: • Automatic measurment of traffic 2. Manual measurment of traffic 3. Survey „trip origin – destination” (mobility survey)

11. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform Traffic Studiesfor planned highways • Survey „trip origin – destination” (mobility survey) measures elementary mobility parameters and motivation of drivers. Modal split not registered because only drivers of personal cars asked to answer the questionnaires. • Studies of traffic for planned expressways will be completed in June 2007

12. TEN Corridors in Poland ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform

13. Basic case study of Urban Mobility Survey Warsaw Mobility Surveys conducted in Warsaw and its Metropolitan Area in 1993,1998, 2005. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform

14. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform Warsaw Mobility Survey(WMS) • Household surveys. • Intercept surveys of drivers at Warsaw borders (roadside interviews) • Traffic measurments at cordons and screen lines • Passangersof public transport counted. • Questionnaire on service of Warsaw public transport • Traffic model elaborated .

15. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform The sample in WMS Sample size 1114 households (PESEL) All individuals in a household were surveyed Age: the youngest group: 0-5 years old the oldest group - over 65 years old Average No. of individuals in ahousehold 2,39 Average No. of cars in ahousehold 0,56 Sampling: 2200 addresses were chosen randomly in Warsaw ‘random route’ method to chose another household

16. Challenges of data collection in household survey • Low willingness to participate Only 45 % of questionnaires were carried out in the first stage, the rest of questionnaires was carried out in ‘random route’ stage • It had a visible influence on results • A lot of problems with understanding the questionnaire. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform

17. Results - verification • Data on individualsmobility from household survey unreliable, what was confirmed by Traffic Model. • Mobility rates from household survey lower when compared with Traffic Study(of 32%). • Mobility rates in morning peak overestimated (>11%) • Traffic Studies are to be conducted parallely to mobility surveys. • Corrections of mobility rates from household surveys to adjust Traffic Model to traffic measurments were needed. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform

18. Results Trip Rates Individuals over 6 years old Modal Split 1 ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform

19. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform Results – Modal Split 2 • A previous years increase of car use was stopped. • In 2005 a decrease of car use is observed • High refusals of highly motorized households to participate in a survey • Result of worsening traffic conditions and introducing changes to Warsaw Public Transport (Metro!)

20. Results- Motivations ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform

21. Results – attitudestoPublic Transport trafficprivileges • Majority of citizens agree to privilege Public Transporteven though it can make road conditions for personal cars worse. • A number of people supporting the idea has grown since 1993 ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform

22. Results – comparison of surveys: 1993, 1998, 2005 • Decrease of • No of people in a household(from 2,59 to 2,29) • Mobility rate (both general and motorised mobility) • No of cars per household (Central Statistic Office data different it indicates higher refusals of household highly motorised) • Increase of - Time of trips - worsening traffic conditions ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform

23. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform Suggestions for planned National Mobility Survey (1) • Traffic Studies seem to be useful while applied parallely with household surveys, possible comparing if mobility rates correspond with traffic loads. • No need to repeat Traffic Studies within National Mobility Survey – results from GTS can be used. • More attention to questionnaire design (WMS experience) • Dutch experience helpfull in: • solving a problem of low willingness to participate in survey, • more respondent-friendly questionnaire design.

24. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform Suggestions for planned National Mobility Survey (2) • Cooperation with other institutions dealing with Traffic Research (eg. General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways) • How to representatively includehighly motorised households, andhouseholds with higher income in survey sample? • How to change the attitude of stakeholders of traffic research and decisions makers to pay more attention to change people behaviours and not only road infrastructure?

25. ROAD AND BRIDGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLAND Polish Road Transport Technology Platform Thank you for your kind attention.

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