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Gunpowder Empires

Gunpowder Empires. From 1400-1800 certain countries/empires were stronger than others as a result of gunpowder. States and Empires in 1519 CE. States and Empires in 1600 CE. States and Empires in 1714 CE. States and Empires in 1804 CE. What is Gunpowder?.

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Gunpowder Empires

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  1. Gunpowder Empires From 1400-1800 certain countries/empires were stronger than others as a result of gunpowder.

  2. States and Empires in 1519 CE

  3. States and Empires in 1600 CE

  4. States and Empires in 1714 CE

  5. States and Empires in 1804 CE

  6. What is Gunpowder? • Saltpeter + Carbon + Sulphur = Gunpowder • Gunpowder explodes because the nitrates in saltpeter release oxygen when they are heated. The released oxygen acts as a catalyst. It causes the carbon and sulfur to burn rapidly in a quick chemical reaction, that is, an explosion.

  7. Gunpowder originated in China. Historians believe the invention was probably spread by Mongols. • Marco Polo helped with the introduction of gunpowder into Europe- this ultimately aided in European global domination. • Europeans built bigger and more powerful guns.

  8. Gunpowder Empires • Historians have used this name to describe states that used firearms to expand their territories and control their own populations. • The largest land-based empires were: • The Ottoman- Eastern Mediterranean • The Safavid- Persia • The Mughal- India • The Ming Dynasty- China • The Qing Dynasty- China

  9. Each empire made use of newly developed firearms, especially cannon and small arms, to create empires. • A strong, central government was necessary to bring together all the elements of modern warfare.

  10. Monarchs who gained power over local lords or seized new territory took taxes from farmers and from trade therefore, acquiring wealth and expanding their empire. • Power and riches were the rewards of gunpowder warfare.

  11. Empires/states that had enough financial resources to afford to equip large numbers of troops with cannons and handguns were the most successful. • These states conquered smaller ones that did not have these weapons, or not enough of them. • The long era of the power of nomadic states, such as the Mongol empire, came to an end.

  12. Ottoman Empire • The Ottomans were: • Turkish • Nomadic • Muslim • Sunni • Mehmet II (the Conqueror), used expert gunners to build a huge cannon to help take the city of Constantinople (and renamed it Istanbul) in 1453. • Constantinople was important because of it’s location between Europe and Asia.

  13. Ottoman Empire • SuleymanI brought the empire to it’s height and reformed law codes. • Ottoman culture combined Persian, Muslim and Byzantine influences. • The Ottomans ruled the largest most powerful empire in both Europe and the Middle East for centuries.

  14. Safavid Empire • Modern day Iran • Leader Esma’il conquered Persia and made himself shah, or king. • Empire blended Persian cultural traditions withShia (Shiite)Islam.

  15. Safavid Empire • Esma’il strictly enforced Shiism and came into conflict with Sunni Muslims such as the Ottomans. • ‘Abbas, the greatest Safavid shah strengthened the military and expanded the empire. • Safavid culture blended Chinese, Muslim and Persian styles.

  16. Mughal Empire • Mughal is the Persian word for Mongol • Founder, Babur (1483-1530)- Claimed to be a descendent of Genghis Khan. • Akbar (1542-1605) • Tried to achieve harmony between Muslim and Hindu people of India.

  17. Mughal Empire • Shah Jahan- Grandson of Akbar • Built the TajMahal as a tomb for his deceased wife. • Mughal art combined influences from India, Persia, and Muslim lands in structures like the TajMahal.

  18. Ming Dynasty • China • Leader, Zhu Yuanzhangdefeated the Mongols. • Spent a lot of money rebuilding the Great Wall of China- in fear of another Mongol invasion.

  19. Ming Dynasty • Ming means brilliant. • Believed they were at the height of civilization, but were not advanced as they thought. • European explorers come to China at this time • Vasco De Gama • Missionaries from Europe come to China to spread Christianity.

  20. Qing Dynasty • China • In 1644, armies seized Beijing and made it their capital marking the start of the Qing dynasty. • Adopted Confucian system of government.

  21. Qing Dynasty • Qing means pure- They called themselves this because they saw themselves as restoring China to glory. • China was so prosperous in these early Qing days that one ruler, Qianlong cancelled taxes on several occasions because the government simply didn't need the money.

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