Machinery hall and the rise of the industrial metropolis

1. Machinery hall and the rise of the industrial metropolis Week Three

3. Philadelphia Centennial Exposition (1876)

4. Machinery Hall

5. A “type machine” in Machinery Hall

6. Corliss Steam Engine

7. Centennial City

8. I. Rise of Industry A. Revolution in technology • Explosion in patents: nearly half a million filed between 1865 and 1882 • Edison and electricity • Electricity and the transformation of industry and culture

9. I. Rise of Industry B. Mechanization • Mass production: from skilled artisans and small shops to large factories • Cigarette machine: from raw materials to packaging

10. I. Rise of Industry C. Transportation • Bulk and speed • Efficiency • Mail order • Department stores

14. From Florida to NJ

15. I. Rise of Industry D. Incorporation of America 1. Vertical integration • Control production and distribution at every step • Swift Meats 2. Horizontal integration • Merging of competing companies in the same industry • Standard Oil 3. Consequences: concentration and size; global stature of the U.S.

16. I. Rise of Industry E. Era of Self-Initiative • Human factor • Horatio Alger • The World Before Him (1880)

18. II. The Rise of Discontent A. Cultural discontent • From romanticism: emotion, imagination, possibilities • To realism: loss of innocence; “nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material”

19. Leutze, Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851)

20. A Laundry Maid Ironing (1770s)

21. Gettysburg (1863)

22. Crane, “War Is Kind” (1899) Do not weep, maiden, for war is kind,Because your lover threw wild hands toward the skyAnd the affrighted steed ran on alone,Do not weep.War is kind.Hoarse, booming drums of the regiment,Little souls who thirst for fight,These men were born to drill and die.The unexplained glory flies above them.Great is the battle-god, great, and his kingdom--A field where a thousand corpses lie.

23. Crane, “War Is Kind” (1899) Do not weep, babe, for war is kind.Because your father tumbles in the yellow trenches,Raged at his breast, gulped and died,Do not weep.War is kind.Swift blazing flag of the regiment,Eagle with crest of red and gold,These men were born to drill and die.Point for them the virtue of slaughter,Make plain to them the excellence of killingAnd a field where a thousand corpses lie.Mother whose heart hung humble as a buttonOn the bright splendid shroud of your son,Do not weep.War is kind!

24. The Gross Clinic (1875)

25. The Ironworkers—Noontime (1880)

26. The Ironworkers—Noontime (1880)

27. II. The Rise of Discontent B. Political discontent • Corrupt politics: lawmakers often invested heavily in large corporations • Monopolies • Sherman Antitrust Act (1890): designed to prevent mergers that would stifle competition. But it backfires.

28. II. Rise of Discontent C. Labor discontent 1. Knights of Labor • Established in 1869 in Philadelphia for a “great brotherhood” • Structural reform • Haymarket riot 2. American Federation of Labor (AFL) • Did not challenge wage labor; instead fought more conservatively for better hours and pay

29. Haymarket Riot, 1886

30. II. Rise of Discontent 3. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) • Return to radicalism: “Between these two classes a struggle must go on until the workers of the world unite as a class, take possession of the earth and the machinery of production, and abolish the wage system.” • Return to brotherhood

32. Quiz 1 Define and discuss the significance of one of the following two terms: • “Bottom rail” • Vertical integration

33. Napoleon Hill