What does the term Gilded mean?

1. What does the term Gilded mean?

2. “Gilded Age” Corruption during Grant’s Administration (1868-1876) Federal Government • Fisk, Gould – Gold Market 1869 • Credit Mobilier 1868-1872 • “Whiskey Ring” 1875 • Belknap and Indians 1876 Local Government “Boss Tweed” – Tammany Hall - Prime example of local corruption through political machine (Nast)

3. Election of 1868 Grant defeats Seymour Impact of Freedmen? Election of 1872 • Liberal Republicans – Greely • Democrats – Greely • Republicans - Grant -Wins – Waving the Bloody Shirt • Some reform in government “Like many American third parties, the Liberal Republicans left some enduring footprints, even in defeat” (American Pageant) How???

4. Hard Times 1. Over-expansion and bad loans 1873 – Economic Depression Banking Collapse Jay Cook Freedmens Savings and Loan 2. Soft Money (Inflation) Hard Money (Deflation) Debate Resumption Act of 1875 Crime of ’73 Bland Allison Act ’78 Greenback Labor Party ’78 3. Hayes Elected – Compromise 1877 4. Great RR Strike 1877 – Hayes sends in federal troops

5. Spoils System and Garfield’s Assassination8:30 Gilded Age Elections – Turnout? Issues? 1880 election Halfbreeds Stalwarts Garfield Assassination – Chester Arthur Pendleton Acts - Civil Service Reform Makes compulsory campaign contributions illegal - shifts source of campaign funds from party loyalists to corporations – begins civil service testing

6. Explain the meaning of the cartoon.

7. Ethnic Tensions Increase8:40 Hard Times - look for a scapegoat West - Chinese Immigration Chinese Exclusion Act (Hayes veto Arthur signed ‘82) U.S. v Wong Kim Ark: Native Born = citizen South- Redeemer Governments gradually pass Jim Crow laws – disenfranchisement, segregation, lynching, sharecropping

8. 1884 Election8:45 Cleveland v Blaine Mugwumps Rum Romanism and Rebellion Tariff Civil Service Mudslinging/ Mulligan letters v Ma Ma…

9. Cleveland’s Administration 85-888:55 Limited Gov’t - President as Executive – Bourbon Democrat Civil Service Reform? Tariff GAR Pensions Texas Farmers Dawes Act Haymarket Interstate Commerce Act Reacquisition of Railroad Land

10. Cleveland loses to Benjamin Harrison1888 Issues Bloody Shirt Tariff Pensions for Civil War Veterans

11. Harrison’s Term 9:03 Billion Dollar Congress McKinley Tariff 1890 Sherman Anti-trust Act 1890 Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890 Populist Party Formed 1890 Homestead Steel Strike(?) 1892

12. Cleveland’s Second Term • Election of 1892 – Cleveland v Harrison v Weaver • Democratic Split Bourbon(Gold) v Silver Democrats • Rise of Populists – Platform? • Depression 1893 • Silver Act Repealed! • J.P. Morgan rescues the treasury • Coxey’s Army • Wilson-Gorman Tariff (income tax) • Pullman Strike- 1894

13. Election of 1896 Republicans – McKinley – Gold Standard, Tariff, Mark Hanna Democrats – Split over silver Byran “Cross of Gold Speech” Some support McKinley Populists - Bryan

14. Farmers Organize Read Pageant 613-623 Greenback Labor Party Grange Self Help - Cooperatives State Laws – Granger Laws Munn v Illinois Wabash v Illinois Federal Law ICA 1887

15. Formation of Populist Party Farmers Alliance – 1880s Segregated in South Mary Lease, Ignatius Donnelly Evolves into Populist Party - Platform Nationalize RR, Telephone and Telegraph Abolish national banks Graduated Income Tax Free and Unlimited coinage of silver – national currency Government Owned Crop Warehouses and loans for farmers Secret Ballot, Initiative, Referendum, Direct election of Senators and President 8 hour workday, some immigration restrictions 4. Populist Party Elections 92 Weaver 96 Bryan???

16. 1896 Results McKinley Takes over Gold Discovered in Alaska Spanish American War Racism intensifies in the south Populist party ends