1 / 25

Ch 23: Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Ch 23: Understanding Diversity: Systematics. phylogeny systematics taxonomy taxon. How to categorize life? life vs. non-life (?prehistory) plants (non-motile) vs. animals (motile) Greek philosophers including Aristotle ( born 384 - died 322 BC ).

bryant
Download Presentation

Ch 23: Understanding Diversity: Systematics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ch 23: Understanding Diversity: Systematics

  2. phylogeny systematics taxonomy taxon

  3. How to categorize life? life vs. non-life (?prehistory) plants (non-motile) vs. animals (motile) Greek philosophers including Aristotle (born 384 - died 322 BC)

  4. add Protista/Protoctista & sub-group Monera (Haeckel 1866) prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells (Chatton 1937)

  5. reorganized classification into 4 kingdoms (Copeland 1930s?) 5 kingdoms; adding Fungi (Whittaker 1959)

  6. 3 domains (Carl Woese 1977) Carol J. Bult

  7. further elaborated by Mitchell Sogin (early eukaryotes) & many others

  8. -> 6 kingdoms (compromise) still argued: Lake’s 4 domains, Cavalier-Smith & others’ > 6 kingdoms

  9. horizontal gene transfers genome fusions clades?

  10. Groups of organisms on a phylogenetic tree (excluded)

  11. Homologous structures 18-14 modified leaves 18-13 terrestrial vertebrate forelimbs

  12. Homoplasies = analogous structures Australian marsupial “mole” 18-16 spiky plant parts N American placental mole

  13. Phenetics/evolutionary systematics numerical taxonomy eg: Birds -> different enough to be a separate class from reptiles

  14. Cladistic systematics clade cladogram synapomorphy vs. (sym)plesiomorphy outgroup parsimony eg: Birds -> sub-group of Reptile class

  15. Morphology

  16. Morphology: Developmental data eg: early animal embryo cleavage (30-5)

  17. Biochemistry: Lipids 2 species of Pseudomonas

  18. Biochemistry: Proteins eg: Isozyme patterns from a fungus

  19. Biochemistry: Proteins eg: amino acid sequence comparison

  20. Biochemistry: Proteins eg: 3D structure comparison myoglobin

  21. Biochemistry: DNA Sequence analysis Relationships between canids using DNA sequences

  22. Stoneking, et al. Mitochondrial DNA study of humans

  23. 2 representations of the same data

  24. Other kinds of trees Phylogram - shows genetic change Ultrametric tree - shows time

  25. Methods of generating trees Distance Parsimony Maximum likelihood

More Related