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Green Algae (Chlorophytes)

Green Algae (Chlorophytes). Green Algae Diversity I. “Chlorella”. “Chlamydomonas”. “Carteria”. 20. Green Algae Diversity I. Helicosporidium. Green Algae Diversity I. Haematococcus. Green Algae Diversity I ( Chlamydomonas ).

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Green Algae (Chlorophytes)

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  1. Green Algae (Chlorophytes)

  2. Green Algae Diversity I “Chlorella” “Chlamydomonas” “Carteria” 20

  3. Green Algae Diversity I Helicosporidium

  4. Green Algae Diversity I Haematococcus

  5. Green Algae Diversity I (Chlamydomonas) Only different mating types (“+”, “-”) are capable of fertilization

  6. Green Algae Diversity II: Desmids Cosmarium Micrasterias Euastrum Staurastrum Triploceras “Desmids” Closterium Spondylosium

  7. Green Algae Diversity II: Desmids Structure • Semicells • Isthmus, Sinus • Pores • Mucilage

  8. Green Algae Diversity II: Desmids Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Zygote

  9. Green Algae Diversity III Scenedesmus Coelastrum “Pediastrum” Ankistrodesmus Hydrodictyon

  10. Green Algae Diversity IV Flattened Sac-Like Tetraspora Gonium Platydorina Spherical Pandorina (8 or 16 Cells) Eudorina (16 or 32 Cells) “Volvox” 500 – Thousands of Cells

  11. Green Algae Diversity IV (Volvox) Somatic Cells Gonidia • Small, flagellated, cells (with eyespot) • Connected by cytoplasmic strands • Impart motility to colony • Incapable of cell division • (regA gene) • “Altruism” • Larger, flagellated located at colony • posterior • Capable of cell division • (regA gene inhibited) • Form hollow balls of • flagellated cells inside the • colony (“Daughter Colonies”)

  12. Green Algae Diversity IV (Volvox) Asexual Reproduction • Daughter Colony Release • Daughter Colony Inversion through • pore (phialopore)

  13. Green Algae Diversity IV (Volvox) (Sexual Reproduction) Male Female Fertilization • Gonidia form sperm • packets, invert • Sperm packets release • Gonidia form Eggs

  14. Green Algae Diversity IV (Volvox) (Sexual Reproduction) Zygote Formation Zygote Meiosis to form Biflagellated Spores • Only one biflagellated spore • survives • Division of this spore regenerates • colony • Occasionally, zygotes are spiny • (Hypnozygote)

  15. Green Algae Diversity V Ulothrix Oedogonium Spirogyra Zygnema

  16. Green Algae Diversity V Sexual Reproduction • Zygote Release • Meiosis • Spore Release • Spore Germination • Gamete Formation • Fertilization Oedogonium

  17. Green Algae Diversity V Sexual Reproduction • Zygote Formation • Meiosis to Form Spores • Conjugation Tube • Formation • Gamete Formation • Fertilization Spirogyra

  18. Green Algae Diversity VI 24 Cladophora

  19. Green Algae Diversity VI Trentepohlia

  20. Green Algae Diversity VIII Ulva Coleochaete

  21. Green Algae Diversity VIII Sexual Life Cycle Ulva

  22. Green Algae Diversity IX Penicillus Acetabularia Chara Bryopsis Caulerpa

  23. Hypothesis of Chlorophyte Phylogeny 1

  24. Hypothesis of Chlorophyte Phylogeny 2

  25. Green Algae: Ecology Marine Freshwater

  26. Green Algae: Ecology Haematococcus Trentepohlia

  27. Green Algae: Ecology Chlamydomonas nivalis

  28. Green Algae: Ecology Jacques Cousteau Institute Caulerpa

  29. Green Algae: Ecology

  30. Green Algae: Ecology Helicosporidium

  31. Green Algae: Physiology Chlamydomonas

  32. Green Algae: Genetics (Hammerling 1930s)

  33. Green Algae: Evolution Chara

  34. Green Algae: Evolution GR ALG PLANTS GR ALG GR ALG GR ALG GR ALG

  35. Green Algae: Evolution

  36. Green Algae: Evolution Horizontal Gene Transfer

  37. Green Algae: Evolution 14 Euglena 13

  38. Green Algae: Biofuels

  39. Green Algae: Biofuels

  40. with about 70-percent less carbon emissions than petroleum-based equivalents. They claim it doesn’t impact agricultural crops, land, or water. Green Algae: Biofuels SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO – Columbus will be home to Luna County’s first green energy facility—literally green, in this case. Algae will be cultivated by Sapphire Energy in man-made ponds about 8 miles west of Columbus on the Mexican border, to later be converted to a green goop called algae-based biofuel, oilgae, or algal fuel. “This will be the first Sapphire facility in the country,” says Tim Zenk, spokesperson for Sapphire Energy in San Diego. “We’re looking at different geographies,” says Zenk. “Now our focus is on New Mexico.” Luna County is considered ideal for algae-based biofuel because of the flat desert conditions, the high level of sunlight, and the large amount of underground salt water. http://www.ecofriendlymag.com/2010/03/23/page/8/

  41. Green Algae - Characteristics

  42. Green Algae - Flagella Carteria Chlamydomonas

  43. Green Algae – Cell Wall (Some) (Many) (A Few)

  44. Green Algae – Chloroplast

  45. Green Algae – Chloroplast

  46. Green Algae – Chloroplast

  47. Green Algae: Evolution Large Subunit Small Subunit Rubisco Horizontal Gene Transfer

  48. Green Algae – Chloroplast S = Starch Py = Pyrenoid Fig. 16.4 in Graham et al. 2009

  49. Green Algae – Mitosis

  50. Green Algae - Cytokinesis Furrowing Furrowing Cell Plate Phycoplast Phragmoplast Phragmoplast

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