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ESO - 12

ESO - 12. BLOCK –1,2,3,4,5,6,7 AND 8. UNIT-1. UNITY AND DIVERSITY (1) CONCEPTS OF UNITY AND DIVERSITY 1.1 Meaning of diversity 1.2 Meaning of unity (2) FORMS OF DIVERSITY IN INDIA 2.1 Racial Diversity 2.2 Linguistic Diversity (3) BONDS OF UNITY IN INDIA

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ESO - 12

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  1. ESO - 12 BLOCK –1,2,3,4,5,6,7 AND 8

  2. UNIT-1 • UNITY AND DIVERSITY (1) CONCEPTS OF UNITY AND DIVERSITY 1.1 Meaning of diversity 1.2 Meaning of unity (2) FORMS OF DIVERSITY IN INDIA 2.1 Racial Diversity 2.2 Linguistic Diversity (3) BONDS OF UNITY IN INDIA 3.1 Geo – political unity 3.2 The Institution of pilgrimage 3.3 Tradition of Accommodation 3.4 Tradition of Interdependence

  3. UNIT -2 • RURAL SOCIAL STRUCTURE (1) The Nature of Rural social structure 1.1 Social structure 1.2 Rural social structure in India (2) FAMILY AND KINSHIP 2.1 Family in rural India 2.2 Change in Family 2.3 Lineage and Kinship (3) CASTE GROUPS 3.1 Caste 3.2 Sub- caste 3.3 Change in the caste system (4) THE VILLAGE 4.1 The Issue of village Autonomy 4.2 The jajmani system

  4. UNIT-3 • THE VILLAGE AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD (1) THE VILLAGE AND WIDER ECONOMIC SYSTEM 1.1Economic Interdependence before world war-1 1.2 Economic Integration in Modern Times (2) THE VILLAGE AND THE WIDER CASTE CASTE AND KINSHIP SYSTEM 2.1 Some Ethnographic Examples 2.2 Spatial Expansion of Inter –caste Relation (3)THE VILLAGE AND THE WIDER RELIGIOUS SYSTEM 3.1 Universalisation 3.2 Parochialisation 3.3 More Examples of Interaction between great and little traditions (4) THE VILLAGE AND THE WIDER POLITICAL SYSTEM 4.1 The village in pre- British India 4.2 The village in British India 4.3 The village in Contemporary India

  5. UNIT -4 • PATTERN OF URBANISATION (1) URBANISATION IN INDIA : A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 1.1 Classification of traditional towns 1.2 Some feature of Urbanization in Ancient and Medieval India 1.3 New feature of Urbanization in Early Colonial Period (2) PATTERN OF URBANISATION IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA 2.1 Definition of a Town or city 2.2 Demographic Aspect 2.3 Spatial pattern 2.4 Economic Dimension 2.5 Socio-culture character

  6. UNIT-5 • URBAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE (1) Meaning and definition of urban social structure (2) Main Feature of Urban Life 2.1Formality and Impersonality of Human Relationships 2.2 Rationality 2.3 Secularism 2.4 Increased Specialisation and Division of Labour 2.5 Decline in the Function of Family (3) ORGANISATIONAL AND SOCIAL – CULTURE ASPECTS OF INDIAN URBAN COMMUNITIES 3.1 Family, Marriage and Kinship in urban India 3.2 caste

  7. UNIT –6 • FAMILY AND ITS TYPES (1) The types of family 1.1 The Continuum of Nuclear and joint Family system s 1.2 The Hindu Joint Family (2) NATURE OF JOINT FAMILY IN INDIA 2.1 What Constitutes Joint ness ? 2.2 Who Constitute a joint Family ? 2.3 Variability in and Prevalence of Joint Family living (3) DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS OF THE FAMILY 3.1 The Ideal of Joint Family Living 3.2 Inapplicability of the Ideal of Joint Family Living (4) CHANGE IN THE FAMILY 4.1 Factors of change and Process of Disintegration of the Joint Family 4.2 Factors of Change Leading to Reinforcement of the Joint Family 4.3 Emerging Patterns of Family Living

  8. UNIT -7 • MARRIAGE AND INSTITUTION OF MARRIAGE IN INDIA • Universality of the Institution of Marriage in India • Age at Marriage in India 2.1 Low Age at Marriage 2.2 Rise in the Age at Marriage (3)FORMS OF MARRIAGE 3.1 Monogamy, polygyny, polyandry 3.2 prevailing patterns (4) PATTERN OF SELECTION OF SPOUSE 4.1Endogamy including the Rule of Hypergamy 4.2 Exogamy 4.3Arranged Marriages 4.4 Recent Trends (5) MARRIAGE RITES 5.1 Basic Rites of Marriage in Different Communities 5.2Customary Marriages

  9. UNIT -8 • KINSHIP-1 • DEFINING OF KINSHIP SYSTEM • MAIN APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF KINSHIP SYSTEM IN INDIA • Ideological Approach • Anthropological Approach: Descent and Alliance • KINSHIP SYSTEM IN NORTH INDIA (A) Kinship Groups (B) Kinship Terminology (C) Marriage Rules (D) Ceremonial Exchange of Gifts among Kin

  10. UNIT -9 • KINSHIP –II (1) KINSHIP SYSTEM IN INDIA 1.1 Kinship Groups 1.2 Kinship Terminology 1.3 Marriage Rules 1.4 Ceremonial Exchange of Gifts among Kin (2) A COMPARISON OF NORTH ANG SOUTH KINSHIP SYSTEM 2.1 Difference 2.2 Similarities (3) KINSHIP ORGANISATION IN MATRILINEAL COMMUNITIES IN NORTH- EAST AND SOUTH – WEST INDIA 3.1 Matrilineal Descent System 3.2 Matrilineal Groups in North-East India 3.3 Matrilineal Groups in South- West India

  11. UNIT -10 • RURAL ECONOMY • FEATURES OF A RURAL ECONOMY • TRADITIONAL RURAL ECONOMY 1.1 Ancient Period 1.2 Medieval Period • COLONIAL RURAL ECONOMY 2.1 De- industrialization 2.2 New Land Revenue Policy 2.3 Commercialization of Agriculture 2.4 The Jajmani System • Rural Economy after independence 3.1 Land Reforms 3.2 The green Revolution 3.3 Rural Development Programmes 3.4 Impact of the New Economic Policy on the Rural Economy

  12. UNIT - 11 • URBAN ECONOMY • FEATURES OF AN URBAN ECONOMY • TRADITIONAL URBAN ECONOMY • ANCIENT PERIOD • MEDIEVAL PERIOD • COLONIAL URBAN ECONOMY (1) DESTRUCTION OF URBAN HANDICRAFTS (2) GROWTH OF MODERN INDUSTRIES (3) NEW SOCIAL CLASSES • URBAN – ECONOMY AFTER INDEPENDENCE (1) INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND ITS IMPACT (2) ORGANISED AND UNORGANISED SECTORS (3) URBAN SOCIAL CLASSES (4) CASTE AND OCCUPATION

  13. UNIT -12 • RURAL AND URBAN POVERTY • CONCEPT OF AND APPROACHES TO POVERTY • CONCEPT OF POVERTY • APPROACHES TO UNDERSTAND POVERTY • HISTORICAL DIMENTION • ANCIENT PERIOD • MEDIEVAL PERIOD • COLONIAL PERIOD • POVERTY IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA • RURAL AND URBAN POOR • MAGNITUTE OF RURAL AND URBAN POVERTY • RURAL-URBAN LINKAGE OF PONERTY

  14. UNIT -12 • RURAL AND URBAN POVERTY • POVERTY AND THE FIVE-YEAR PLANS • GROWTH ORIENTED APPROACH • GROWTH WITH SOCIAL JUSTICE • PERSISTENCE OF POVERTY • ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FACTORS • SOCIO-CULTURE FACTORS • ERADICTION OF POVERTY

  15. UNIT -13 • NATIONAL POLITICS • THE POLITICAL DOMAIN • WHAT IS A POLITICAL SYSTEM? • THE NATION OF POWER • STATE , NATION AND SOCIETY • EMERGENCE OF INDIAN NATION STATE • ABSENCE OF THE IDEA OF A NATION BEFORE 1858 • GROWTH OF NATIONALISM IN INDIA • NATURE OF POLITICS IN INDEPENDENT INDIA • STRATEGY AT THE POLITICAL LEVEL • STRATEGY AT THE ECONOMIC LEVEL • FORCES WHICH CHALLENGE NATION BUILDING EFFORTS • NATIONAL INTEGRATION

  16. UNIT -14 • REGIONAL AND STATE POLITICS • REGION, REGIONALISM AND STATE • REGION • REGION AND INDIAN POLITY • REGIONALISM • STATE AND INDIAN POLITICS • REGIONALISM IN INDIAN POLITICS • BASES OF REGIONAL AND STATE POLITICS • GEOGRAPHICAL BASIS • HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL BASES • ECONOMIC BASIS • POLITICO-ADMINISTRATIVE BASES

  17. UNIT -14 • REGIONAL AND STATE POLITICS • FORMS OF STATE AND REGIONAL POLITICS • DEMAND FOR STATE AUTONOMY • SUPRA-STATE REGIONAL AUTONOMY • INTER-STATE REGIONALISM • INTER-STATE REGIONAL POLITICS OR SUB – REGIONALISM • SIGNIFICANCE OF REGIONALISM FOR NATIONAL POLITICS

  18. UNIT -15 • HINDU SOCIAL ORGANISATION • REGIOUS CONCEPTS AND HINDU SOCIAL ORGANISATION • CONCEPTS OF DHARMA, ARTHA, KAMA AND MOKSHA • KARMA AND SAMSARA • RELEVANCE TO HINDU SOCIAL STRUCTURE • PROFILE OF HINDU COMMUNITY IN INDIA • MARRIAGE AND FAMILY AMONG THE HINDUS • HINDU MARRIAGE • EIGHT FORMS OF HINDU MAGGIAGE • ENDOGAMY • EXOGAMY • THE HINDU FAMILY • THE FORM OF HINDU FAMILY • RELATIONS AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS

  19. UNIT -15 • HINDU SOCIAL ORGANISATION • THE VARNA SYSTEM • THE FOUR VARNA • THE FOUR STAGES OF LIFE • JATI • CASTE COUNCILS AND CASTE ASSOCIATIONS • INTERDEPENDENCE AMONG CASTES • JAJMANISYSTEM • FESTICALS AND PILGRIMAGES • FESTIVALS • PILGRIMAGES

  20. UNIT-16 • MUSLIM SOCIAL ORGANISATION • EMERGENCE OF ISLAM AND MUSLIM COMMUNITY IN INDIA • TENETS OF ISLAM:VIEW ON SOCIAL EQUALITY • ASPECT OF SOCIAL ORGANISATION • SOCIAL DIVISIONS AMONG MUSLIMS • CASTE AND KIN RELATIONSHIPS • SOCIAL CONTROL • FAMILY, MARRIAGE AND INHERITANCE • LIFE CYCLE RITUALS AND FESTIVALS • EXTERNAL INFLUENCE ON MUSLIM SOCIAL PRACTICES

  21. UNIT -17 • CHRISTIAN SOCIAL ORGANISATION • ORIGIN OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA • CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY: THE SPATIAL AND DEMOGRAPHICDIMENSIONS • CHRISTIANITY IN THE EAST AND NORTH EAST • CHRISTIANITY IN KERALA AND GOA • TENETS OF CHRISTIAN FAITH • THE LIFE OF JESUS • VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIAN FAITH

  22. UNIT -17 • CHRISTIAN SOCIAL ORGANISATION • ORIGIN OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA (1)CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY: THE SPATIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC DIMENSIONS (2)CHRISTIANITY IN KERALA AND GOA (3)CHRISTIANITY IN THE EAST AND NORTH EAST • TENETS OF CHRISTIAN FAITH (1)THE LIFE OF JESUS (2)VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIAN FAITH

  23. UNIT -17 • CHRISTIAN SOCIAL ORGANISATION • THE CHRISTIANS OF ST. THOMAS : AN EXAMPLE OF CHRISTIAN SOCIAL ORGANISATION (1)THE CHRISTIAN FAMILY (2)THE PATRILOCAL RESIDENCE (3)THE PATRILINEAGE (4)INHERITANCE • THE CHURCH (1)THE PRIEST IN CHRISTIANITY (2)THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH (3)CHRISTMAS • THE RELATION OF CHRISTIANITY TO HINDUISM IN KERALA (1)CALENDER AND TIME (2)BUILDING OF HOUSES (3)ELEMENTS OF CASTES IN CHRISTIANITY

  24. UNIT-18 • SIKH SOCIAL ORGANISATION • IDEOLOGICAL BASIS OF SIKHISM (1)HOW NANAK FOUNDED SIKHISM (2)NANAK’S CONCEPT OF GOD (3)SACRED SCRIPTURE (4)UNIQUENESS OF SIKH SCRIPTURE (5)THE GRANTHSAHIB AND THE GURU • SIKH INSTITUIONS • THE GURUDWARA • SADH SANGAT • GURU KA LANGAR

  25. UNIT -19 • ZOROASTRIAN SOCIAL ORGANISATION • PROFILE OF THE ZOROASTRIAN COMMUNITY IN INDIA • ORIGIN AND LOCATION IN INDIA • POPULATION STRENGTH • ROLE IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC LIFE • TENETS OF ZOROASTRIAN

  26. UNIT-19 • ZOROASTRIAN SOCIAL ORGANISATION • ASPECTS OF SOCIAL ORGANISATION • RITES OF INITIATION AND DEATH • MARRIAGE AND FAMILY • INHERITENCE AND SUCCESSION • PARSI PANCHAYAT • FESTIVALSS

  27. UNIT-20 • CASTE-STRUCTURE AND REGIONAL PATTERNS • DEFINITION OF CASTE STRUCTURE • VARNA AND CASTE • FEATURES OF THE CASTE SYSTEM • DIMENTION OF REGIONAL VARIATIONS • CASTE STRUCTURE AND KINSHIP • CASTE STRUCTURE AND OCCUPATION • CASTE STRUCTURE AND POWER

  28. UNIT-21 • CASTE-CONTINUITY AND CHANGE • CASTE AND CONTINUITY • CASTE AND SOCIAL MOBILITY • CASTE AND THE RITUAL SPHERE • CASTE AND THE ECONOMIC SPHERE • CASTE AND POLITICS • CASTE AND CHANGE • FROM A CLOSED SYSTEM TO AN OPEN SYSTEM • CASTE IN MODERN POLITY • CASTE ASSOCIATIONS • CAN CASTES EXITS IN TOMORROW’S INDIA?S

  29. UNIT -22 • THE SCHEDULED CASTES • THE SCHEDULED CASTES • Castes deemed as the scheduled castes • Characteristics, disabilities and deprivations • SOCIAL MOBILITY DURING PRE-INDEPENDENCE • Social mobility • Social mobility during the ancient period • Social mobility during the medieval period s

  30. UNIT -22 • SOCIAL MOBILITY DURING THE BRITISH RULE • Differential impact of the British rule • Social mobility through Sanskritisation • Social mobility through westernisation • Social mobility through conversion • Ambedkar and Gandhi • SCHEDULED CASTES IN POST –INDEPENDENCE INDIA • Policy of protective discrimination • Vertical mobilisation • Horizontal mobilisation • Sanskritinisation • Urbanisation • Present situations

  31. UNIT-23 • CLASS IN INDIA • SOCIAL CLASSES IN INDIA • THE IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE ON CLASS FORMATION IN INDIA • Change in agriculture • Trade and commerce • Development of railways and industry • State and administrative system • UNEVEN GROWTH OF SOCIAL CLASSES • SOCIAL CLASSES IN RURAL INDIA • Landlords • Peasant proprietors • Tenants • Agricultural labourers • artisanss

  32. UNIT-23 • SOCIAL CLASSES IN URBAN INDIA • COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL CLASSES • THE CORPORATE SECTOR • PROFESSIONAL CLASSES • PETTY TRADERS, SHOPKEEPERS, AND UNORGANISED WORKERS • WORKING CLASSES

  33. UNIT-24 • BACKWARD CLASSES • NATURE OF BACKWARD CLASSES • DEFINITION OF BACKWARD CLASSES • COMPOSITION OF BACKWARD CLASSES • BRITISH RULE AND BACKWARD CLASSES • BACKWARD CLASSES AND THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION • SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF BACKWARD CLASSES • THE SCHEDULED TRIBES • THE SCHEDULED CASTES • THE OTHER BACKWARD CLASSESS

  34. UNIT-24 • FEATURES AND PROBLEM OF BACKWARD CLASSES IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL CHANGE • CONTEXT OF SOCIAL CHANGE • THE SCHEDULED TRIBES • THE SCHEDULED CASTES • THE OTHER BACKWARD CLASSESSS

  35. UNIT-25 • TRIBES: SOCIAL STRUCTURE-1 • SOCIAL STRUCTURE • TRIBES IN INDIA • In Ancient and Medieval Periods • During the British Rule • In Independent India • Understanding of the concept of Tribes by some Scholars • GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION • RACIAL AND LINGUISTIC AFFINITIES • Three main racial divisions • Linguistics affiliations • DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURESS

  36. UNIT-25 • ISOLATION FROM AND INTERACTION WITH OTHER GROUPS • ECONOMICS PURSUITS • Food gatherers and hunters • Shifting cultivators • Settled agriculturists • Artisans • The pastoralists and cattle herders • The folk artists • Wage- labourers • Recent economics changes

  37. UNIT-26 • TRIBES SOCIAL STRUCTURE • INTERNAL FEATURE OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE • THE FOOD GATHERERS AND HUNTERS:THE CHOLANAICKEN • HABITAT • GROUPING • MARRIAGE AND FAMILY • SHARING • AUTHORITY • RECENT CHANGES

  38. UNIT -26 • THE SHIFTING CULTIVATORS AND MATRILINEAL:THE KHASIS • Brief history and habitat • Grouping • family , kinship and marriage • Residence pattern • Authority: political and ritual • Recent changes

  39. UNIT -26 • THE PASTORALIST AND POLYANDROUS:THE TODA • Brief history and habitat • family , kinship and marriage • Residence pattern • Authority: political and ritual • Recent changes • grouping

  40. UNIT -26 • THE SETTLED AGRICULTURISTS:THE MULLUKURUMBA • Brief history and habitat • family , kinship and marriage • Residence pattern • Authority: political and ritual • Recent changes • grouping

  41. UNIT-27 • RELIGION IN TRIBAL SOCIETIES • Chief characteristics of tribal societies: Simple form of religion • Tribal Lifestyle • Tribal Ritual Complex • Ritual Space • Ritual Time • Ritual Language

  42. UNIT-27 • TRIBAL WORLD VIEW • Simple Belief of the Tribals and the Upanishadic Complex thought • Some Ethnographic examples • Anthropological studies of Primitive Religion

  43. UNIT-27 • IMPACT OF OTHER RELIGION BELIEF SYSTEM • Hinduism and tribal religion • Christianity and Tribal Religions • SOCIO-RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS (1) Tana Bhagat Movement (2) Birsa Munda Movement

  44. UNIT-28 • TRIBESAND MODERNISATION IN INDIA • Scheduled Tribes in India • Contacts of the Tribal Societies with Other Tribal and Non-Tribal social groups • The Tribals and the British Policy • CASE-STUDIES TO EXAMINE THE IMPACT OF MODERNISATION • The Baiga Tribes of Madhya Pradesh • Apa Tani and Other Tribes of the North-East • Rabari • Toda • Santal Tribes in Transition

  45. UNIT -28 • DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF MODERNISATION IN RELATION TO THE TRIBAL SOCIETIES • Industrialization • Education • Adverse Effects of Modernity • Tribal Movements

  46. UNIT-29 • STATUS OF WOMEN IN INDIA • Re-examining Sociological Concepts • Gender • Role and Status • Traditional Expectations and Women’s Role and Status

  47. UNIT-29 • WOMEN’S STATUS IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA • The Family and Women’s Work • Women and Paid Employment • ROLE STEREOTYPING: IMPACT ON WOMEN’S HEALTH • Food Discrimination • Amniocentesis and Sex Discrimination • Women’s Psychological Response

  48. UNIT-29 • Role stereotyping in the educational and Socialization Processes • Gender Differentiation in Course of Study • Biases in Textbooks • Differentiation in the Socialization Process

  49. UNIT-29 • MEDIA, WOMEN AND THE CHANGING SCENARIO • Women as Projected on Television • Biased Representation of Women in the T V Serials and Cinema • The changing Scenario

  50. UNIT-30 • WOMEN’S MOVEMENTS IN INDIA • WOMEN’S MOVEMENT: A VARIANT OF SOCIAL MOVEMENT • REFORM MOVEMENTS AND WOMEN’ ISSUES IN THE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES • The Brahmo Samaj • The Prarthana Samaj • The Arya Samaj • Muslim Women and Social Reforms

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