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Pesticides in The Environment Compiled by Shelley Mills

Pesticides in The Environment Compiled by Shelley Mills. Understand How Pesticides Impact the Environment. Chemical characteristics of pesticides Degradation methods Pesticide movements during and after application Special environmental considerations. Pesticide Characteristics: .

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Pesticides in The Environment Compiled by Shelley Mills

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  1. Pesticides in The EnvironmentCompiled by Shelley Mills

  2. Understand How Pesticides Impact the Environment • Chemical characteristics of pesticides • Degradation methods • Pesticide movements during and after application • Special environmental considerations

  3. Pesticide Characteristics: • Solubility • Adsorbtion • Persistance

  4. CARRY OVER

  5. Temperature Wind Humidity Higher Volatility = Pesticide Characteristics: • Solubility • Adsorbtion • Persistance • Volatility

  6. Pesticide Degradation • Microbial • Chemical • Photodegradation

  7. Pesticide Movement • By air • Vapor, particle, spray drift • By water • Surface runoff • Movement through soil • By other objects • Residues on plants and animals

  8. DRIFT

  9. PARTICLE DRIFT

  10. WSDA DROPLET DRIFT

  11. Factors That Influence Drift • Applicator attitude • Droplet Size • Viscosity of spray • a liquid’s resistance to flow • Weather conditions

  12. Applicator Attitude • Assess what sensitive sites are near the application area • No-spray buffer necessary? • Assess weather conditions: air stability, wind direction and speed • Set up equipment with appropriate boom height, nozzles, and pressure • Make decision to spray or not to spray

  13. Droplet Size • The Larger the Spray Droplet SizeThe Less Distance the Droplet Drifts

  14. Weather Conditions • – Read the Wind • What’s downwind?Direction • How far will it move?Speed • 0-3 mph: could be very stable with airflow, just not sure which direction the air is moving • 3-7 mph:manage for off-target movement downwind • >7 mph:carries more material off-target

  15. Temperature Humidity

  16. G.Thomasson and C. Ramsay, WSU Stable Air Conditions: Temperature Inversion • air at ground has cooled (heavier air) • warm air as risen (lighter air) • result is stagnant, stable air = inversion • long distance drift can result fromapplications made during inversions

  17. Temperature Inversion • Can occur anytime • Usually develops at dusk • May continue through night • Breaks up when ground warms up in morning • It may appear ideal, but is not

  18. Maintain an Air Gap Pesticide Movement in Water • Pesticides can move into water from a identifiable occurrence or from general contamination • Point Source • identifiable source • Non-point Source • wide area contamination

  19. Runoff is dependent on: • soil moisture • amount and timing of irrigation/rainfall • pesticide characteristics • grade or slope of the area • soil texture • vegetation

  20. Leaching • Geology – how permeable is the soil? • Soil texture and structure • Sandy: fast percolation, few binding sites • Silt, clay or organic matter: slower percolations and many binding sites • Depth to groundwater: shallow water tables pose a concern • Amount and timing of rainfall or irrigation

  21. High Annual Precipitation Cool Soil Temperature Sandy or Gravely Soil Soluble Pesticide ShallowGroundwater Leaching/Runoff & Groundwater • Concern for leaching or the site is vulnerable • select a product that does not pose a concern • Little or no concern for leaching • product selection is not a concern

  22. Special Environmental Concerns • Protect sensitive areas • Protect non-target organisms • Pollinators, beneficials • Fish, livestock, and wildlife • Protect endangered and threatened species

  23. Protect Sensitive Areas • Schools, playgrounds, parks, hospitals • Wildlife refuges, bee hives • Yards, gardens, crop fields • Indoors: homes, offices, stores, clinics, restaurants, factories, animal facilities • Endangered/threatened species and their habitats

  24. Hover fly H. Riedl Virgin River Chub Jerry Stein, Nev. DOW Protect Non-target Organisms • Plants • Bees, other pollinators • Other beneficial insects • Fish and other wildlife • Humans

  25. READ THE LABEL

  26. Which of the following techniques would reduce spray drift? • Increasing the nozzle orifice size. • Decreasing pressure. • Lowering your booms. • Increasing the viscosity of your spray • All of the above.

  27. You need to control aphids in a blooming alfalfa field and the label has a bee toxicity hazard. What application precautions can you take to reduce bee mortality? • Apply mid morning when temperatures are warming. • Apply a dust formulation instead of an EC. • Use a systemic granule formulation • Move the hives to greater than 300 yards from the field to be sprayed.

  28. Temperature Inversions are the product of: • Warm air trapped above colder denser air. • Usually occur in mid-day • Only occur in summer • Are dependant on temperature and humidity

  29. Teaching Environmental Fate • Use examples from your own experience. • Keep the concepts simple • Use analogies • Use brain science • Use activity based learning

  30. Questions??

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