The Ancient Israelites

1. The Ancient Israelites Chapter 3 Sections1-3

2. “Go from your country and your kindred and your father’s house to the land that I will show you. And I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing.” So Abram went, as the Lord had told him, and Lot went with him, Abram was 75 when he departed from Haran.Genesis 12:1-2,4 The First Israelites

4. 1800’s B.C. people migrated from Mesopotamia to the area that became known as Canaan. • Monotheists • Faith of the Israelites became known as Judaism. • What do you remember about Abraham’s sons, Ishmael and Isaac? • One of Abraham’s grandsons, Jacob, had 12 sons, each became a tribe of Israel.

5. Jealous of their father’s partiality to Joseph, his brothers first put him in a pit, then sell him to traders heading toward Egypt. The brothers tell a lie to Jacob and tell him they suppose he was killed by a wild animal. Many years later, when a famine occurs in the Canaan, the family has to go to Egypt to buy food. Joseph ends up sending for his whole family to move to Egypt. Joseph’s coat of many colors

6. Jacob’s name is changed to Israel=“one who struggles with God” • Life was good at first, then as kings took over that did not know Jacob, and the population increased, the Egyptians became fearful of a revolution. • Pharaoh ordered all the boy babies killed, but Moses is spared when his mother makes a basket of bulrushes and puts him in the Nile River. Pharaoh’s daughter found him and raised him as her own son.

7. The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible. • The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition • Yahweh’s covenant with His people The Torah

8. Moses Shepherd of Yahweh’s people Prince of Egypt

9. Moses kills an Egyptian taskmaster for beating a Hebrew slave. He returns to Egypt to tell Pharaoh to let the people go back to Canaan. Ten plagues follow before Pharaoh lets them go free. Can you name them? • Nile River to blood • Frogs • Gnats • Flies • Egyptian livestock dies • Boils • Hail • Locusts • Darkness • Death of first born

10. On their way back to the Promised Land, Moses receives God’s law on Mt. Sinai, known as the Torah. • The Ten Commandments have helped shaped basic moral laws of many nations. Should they be on public display? Why or why not? Ten Commandments

12. Mount Sinai

13. After Moses dies, Joshua leads the Israelites into Canaan. Fights many battles in order to re-conquer the land, including Jericho. The land is divided between the twelve tribes. • After Joshua dies, military leaders or judges assume the leadership role until the Israelites ask for a king. • Samuel anoints a warrior-farmer, Saul, as Israel’s first king.

14. Among the people groups Israel had to defeat were the Philistines. • David with the head of Goliath Chapter 3, section 2

15. After Saul had disobeyed God, he withdrew his blessings from him and had David, a shepherd from the tribe of Benjamin, anointed by Samuel. • David defeated Goliath, a Philistine giant, with one smooth stone and a slingshot. 1 Samuel 17:38-51

16. David and Bathsheba’s son, Solomon, built a huge temple complex in Jerusalem. Numerous other building projects included fortifying several cities, store cities for stockpiling materials, military bases, and a palace for one of his wives. Solomon also wrote the book of Proverbs, and the book of Ecclesiastes. He also had 700 wives and 300 concubines which would have been acquired as a result of treaties.

17. Solomon’s Temple

19. Inside Solomon’s Temple

20. Remains of Solomon’s Temple The Wailing Wall

21. After Solomon’s death, the ten of the original 12 tribes set up their own kingdom to the north, Israel, and established Samaria as their capital. • The other two tribes set up Judah as their kingdom and establish Jerusalem as their capital. • Now divided, they were much easier to attack and conquer.

23. 722 B.C. Assyria invades and conquers Israel. The mixed race of Assyrians and Israelites become known as the despised race of Samaritans.

25. 620 B.C. Egypt conquers Judah, • 605 B.C. Chaldeans conquer Egypt • 597 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar captures Jerusalem and sends 10,000 Jews into Babylonian exile • 586 B.C. Jerusalem temple is destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, thousands more Jews taken into exile, known as the Babylonian Captivity. • Name the person who was thrown into the lion’s den for not worshipping the Babylonian gods and the king as a god. Daniel

26. Jewish house of worship is called? Jewish day of worship is the Sabbath. synagogue Chapter 3, section 3The Growth of Judaism

27. During the 500’s B.C. Jews were allowed to return to Judah by King Cyrus (Persia) to begin rebuilding the wall. The book of Nehemiah tells of this account

28. 331 B.C. Alexander the Great defeats Persia, allows the Jews to stay in Judah, but tries to impose Greek culture and religion. The Jews and Greeks

29. Alexander’s Empire 332-326 B.C.

30. By the time of Alexander, Jews were living all over the known world. This becomes known as the Diaspora, in Greek, it means “scattered.” Shabbat/ Jewish Sabbath

31. 168 B.C. Judas Maccabeus, a priest and his followers rebelled against the Greeks rule to worship their gods and goddesses. After many guerilla warfare type battles, the Maccabees run the Greeks out of Judah. Cleanse the temple and rededicate it. Hanukkah is celebrated each year by Jews to remember the miracle of the oil lamp staying lit for 8 days.

32. 63 B.C. Rome conquers Judah. • Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes, splintering religious groups with different agendas. Pharisees-teachers of the law, controlled the synagogues and the population. Sadducees-more legalistic than Pharisees. Essenes-hung out in the desert rejected temple worship & offerings, most radical of the three groups. The Jews and the Romans

33. During the Roman occupation of Jerusalem, Jewish zealots fought guerilla warfare to try to run the Romans out. Zealot hideouts: • Fortress of Masada • Petra • A.D. 66 Jews force Romans to retreat from Jerusalem. • A.D. 70 Romans recapture Jerusalem, kill thousands, force hundreds to leave. Destroyed the temple, Wailing Wall is all that remains • A.D.132 revolt ends in Roman victory, Judah is changed to Palestine.

34. Under Jewish law, Jews can only eat certain animals. They are not allowed to eat pork, or smooth skinned fish, like eels. Laws about food restrictions became known as, kashrut, which means, that which is proper. Jewish Diet

35. Today, food that is prepared according to Jewish laws is called, kosher. Animals have to be killed in a certain way. Jews cannot cook or eat milk products with meat. • Look for the circled U or K on products

36. phylactery Jew studying the Torah

37. According to tradition, benZakkai was a pacifist in Jerusalem in 68 C.E. when the city was under siege by General Vespasian. Jerusalem was controlled by the Zealots, people who would rather die than surrender to Rome (these are the same people who controlled Masada). Ben Zakkai urged surrender, but the Zealots would not hear of it, so benZakkai faked his own death and had his disciples smuggle him out of Jerusalem in a coffin. They carried the coffin to Vespasian's tent, where benZakkai emerged from the coffin. He told Vespasian that he had had a vision (some would say, a shrewd political insight) that Vespasian would soon be emperor, and he asked Vespasian to set aside a place in Yavneh (near modern Rehovot) where he could move his yeshivah (school) and study Torah in peace. Vespasian promised that if the prophecy came true, he would grant benZakkai's request. Vespasian became Emperor and kept his word, allowing the school to be established after the war was over. The yeshiva survived and was a center of Jewish learning for centuries. Rabbi Yochannan be Zakkai

38. Jewish teachers of the Torah are rabbis. • JohananbenZakkai-ensured teaching of the Torah cont’d. by starting a school in northern Palestine. • 1948 - nation of Israel is recognized