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Chapter 19

Chapter 19. Progressive Politicians. Section One. Reforming Government. I. Government Corruption. Political machines- all levels Millionaires' Club- 1890- Senate. II. Election Reforms. Direct Primary Seventeenth Amendment- direct election of Senators Secret ballot- no colored ballots

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Chapter 19

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  1. Chapter 19 Progressive Politicians

  2. Section One Reforming Government

  3. I. Government Corruption • Political machines- all levels • Millionaires' Club- 1890- Senate

  4. II. Election Reforms • Direct Primary • Seventeenth Amendment- direct election of Senators • Secret ballot- no colored ballots • Initiative, referendum, recall

  5. III. Reforming City Government • The Mayor • Samuel M. “Golden Rule” Jones- Toledo • Tom Johnson- Cleveland • Mixed record • City Commissions and managers • Galveston, Texas- hurricane- commissioners to rebuild

  6. IV. Reforming State Government • Robert M La Follete- Wisconsin Idea • Direct primary • Taxes on industries • Curbed lobbying

  7. Section Two Roosevelt and the Square Deal

  8. I. Roosevelt Becomes President • Roosevelt takes office • McKinley assassinated- Leon Czolgosz • Leadership to progressive movement • “bully pulpit” • United Mine Workers Strike- 1902 • Washington Gladden petition • Arbitration- both sides get some- called “square deal” • The “Square Deal” • Balance interest • Limiting power of trust, promote public health and safety, improve working conditions

  9. Discussion • Should government regulate business or keep its hands off?

  10. II. Regulating Business • Trustbusting • Northern Securities Co. • 44 law suits against big business • Railroad regulation • Practices of food and drug companies • Food and chemicals • Drugs- useless or harmful • Protection • “The Jungle”- Upton Sinclair- jingle 578 • Meat Inspection Act • Pure Food and Drug Act

  11. Read excerpt from The Jungle • Page 579 • With a partner imagine it is 1906 and that you are reformers concerned about trusts and the food and drug industry practices. Imagine you have just discovered major corporate violations. Create two wanted posters for fictional violators. Include text and illustrations that describe the violations. • WHAT did the government do to protect people from such violations?

  12. III. Protecting the Environment • National Parks • Newlands Reclamation Act • National Park Service

  13. Section Three Reform Under Taft

  14. I. Taft takes Office • Taft vs. Bryan- Roosevelt supports Taft • Laid back • Dept of Labor, mine safety laws, 8 hr workday • Sixteenth Amendment- graduated income tax

  15. II. Taft Angers the Progressives • Payne Aldrich Tariff- high tariff • Ballinger-Pinchot affair- sale of federal land • Roosevelt and election of 1910 1. Supported opposition to Taft

  16. III. Republican Party Divides • Cannon debate- strip power of Speaker of the House • Roosevelt returns to politics 1. Bull Moose Party- splits republicans

  17. IV. A Democratic Victory • Wilson Program • Woodrow Wilson- New Freedom a. Help small businesses • Wilson sweeps election 1. Taft, Roosevelt, Wilson, Eugene Debs

  18. Section Four Wilson’s “New Freedom”

  19. I. Reform on Many Fronts • Tariffs- lowered- Underwood Tariff Act • Graduated income tax • Banking reform 1. Federal Reserve Act of 1913 • Big Business • Clayton Antitrust Act • Federal Trade Commission

  20. II. Wilson and Workers • Farm and Labor Acts • Federal Farm Loan Act • Adamson Act • Federal Workmen’s Compensation Act • Child Labor 1. Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

  21. III. Struggle for Women’s Suffrage • National American Women Suffrage Association- NAWSA • Elizabeth Cady Stanton- Susan B. Anthony • Start small • Alice Paul • National Woman’s Party • National level • Carrie Chapman Catt- NAWSA 1. Successful state campaigns • Nineteenth Amendment- 1920

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