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Grammar Vocabulary

Grammar Vocabulary. Clauses. A clause is a group of related words that has both a subject and a predicate. An independent clause presents a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence; a dependent clause does not.

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Grammar Vocabulary

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  1. Grammar Vocabulary

  2. Clauses A clause is a group of related words that has both a subject and a predicate. An independent clause presents a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence; a dependent clause does not. • Sparrows make nests in cattle barns so that they can stay warm during the winter.

  3. Coordinating Conjunction A conjunction connects individual words or groups of words. Coordinating conjunctions connect a word to a word, a phrase to a phrase, or a clause to a clause. The words, phrases, or clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction must be equal or of the same type. • I would sit in front of the fire and squeeze the peel of the little oranges into the edge of the flame and watch the sputter of blue that they made. FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

  4. Compound Sentence A compound sentence consists of two independent clauses. • Energy is part of youth, but both are quickly spent. • My middle-aged body is sore; my middle-aged face is wrinkled.

  5. Adjectives An adjective describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. • The young driver peeked through the big steering wheel. Coordinate adjectivesseparately modify a noun. Their order can be scrambled and they can be joined by and. • While strolling in the woods, they found a strange, mysterious and frightened child. Cumulative adjectiveswork together to modify a noun; their order cannot be changed. • They lived on an exquisite custom houseboat.

  6. Cumulative adjectives generally follow a certain order:

  7. Restrictive vs. Nonrestrictive Nonrestrictive words, phrases, and clauses provide additional information that is not essential to the sentence about the noun that precedes them. If they are removed, the fundamental meaning of the sentence does not change. • The police officer helped the civilians, who had been shot. Restrictive words, phrases, and clauses provide information that is essential to the sentence about the noun that precedes them. If they are removed, the fundamental meaning of the sentence changes. • The police officer helped the civilians who had been shot.

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